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resources such as gas shale. Coal formations specific to coalbed methane production are provided in table 3. Coalbed methane represents the largest water contributor over a well lifetime of all the unconventional resources. Produced water volumes from unconventional resources are primarily from coalbed methane well production. In further sections, produced water from unconventional resources will be limited to coalbed methane. 4.3 Geographic Distribution of Produced Water Generation Over 80% of the produced water generated nationwide is produced in the Western United States. Conventional and unconventional resources contribute to produced water volumes. Figure 5 relates conventional and unconventional well numbers to one another by State locations. The geographic distribution of water volumes should follow a similar trend the well population of each State. It is expected that conventional oil wells will have a larger impact than conventional gas wells on produced water volumes. Therefore, it is expected that California, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas will produce large amounts of produced water due to the number of conventional wells present in these States. Coalbed methane wells in Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, and Colorado also contribute to the produced water volumes generated by each State. Figure 6 summarizes the produced water quantities by State. Wyoming is associated with the second highest volumes for produced water in the Western United States. Wyoming generates substantial quantities of water due to the large number of coalbed methane wells in the Powder River basin. Conventional oil and gas wells supplement this volume; however, the unconventional wells represent a significant contribution. Texas dominates total well numbers in conventional resources with 45% of the gas and 36% of the oil wells in the Western United States. Texas also dominates the produced water generation at 44% or 236,914 thousand acre-feet per year. This is a significant water volume for the State. If produced water is managed as a water resource instead of a waste product, the volumes generated annually in each State could supplement the water supply required. 20PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
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