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Oil and Gas Produced Water Management

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Oil and Gas Produced Water Management ( oil-and-gas-produced-water-management )

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Figure 8. Fresh water usage in the Western United States. Texas. Texas also uses significant water quantities for mining applications. California and Texas, meanwhile, use more water for public supply and consumption than Western States such as Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, use annually. Significant oil and gas production takes place in the arid regions of the Western United States, consequently, producing large annual quantities of produced water. In the Western United States, produced water volumes have the potential to contribute to the overall water supplies utilized by each State. Produced water production was estimated in 2002, to be 1,487 AFY in the Western United States. The largest produced water production, in Texas, is almost double the quantity used in the state for livestock and agriculture (table 4). Due to arid to semi arid climates in these regions, there is an increased value for new water sources. Although a potential value exists for treated water sources, in the United States, more than 98% of produced water from onshore wells is re-injected (Clark and Veil 2009). A number of options are available locally as potential uses of this water. The following section outlines potential beneficial uses of produced water and includes information on water quantities and quality requirements. 25

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