PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 041
“Produced Water Management Information System” created by Argonne National Laboratories as a resource for technical and regulatory information for managing produced water, including current practices, State and Federal regulations, and guidelines for optimal management practices (Veil). 5.3.2 Livestock Watering In 2000, it was estimated that livestock water use represented for livestock watering, feedlots, dairy operations, and other on-farm needs such as cooling of facilities for the animals and products, dairy sanitation and wash down of facilities, animal waste-disposal systems, and incidental water losses constituted 1,760 million gallons per day of fresh water (USGS 2005). This represented less than 1% of the total water use in the United States in 2000; however, 50% of that consumption was used by California, Texas, and Oklahoma (USGS 2005). These states represented 53% of the produced water production in 2002 nationally (Clark and Veil 2009). Livestock water requirements depend on the animal and are influenced by several factors such as activity, feed intake and environmental temperature (Lardy, Stoltenow et al. 2008). Table 5 is a summary of water volumes required for different species. Water requirements vary throughout the year; and the gender and size of an animal also impacts the estimated water consumption. To encompass these variations, table 5 provides an estimated range of daily water consumption for each livestock species. For grazing species, such as cows and horses, water sources throughout grazing land are important in ranching regions. Table 5. Water intake volumes for livestock Livestock Cattle Sheep Swine Horses Water Intake 3.5 to 23.0 1.5 to 3.0 0.5 to 5.5 6.0 to 18.0 Units Gallons per day Gallons per day Gallons per day Gallons per day While livestock can tolerate water of a lesser quality than humans, some important considerations must be made evaluating a potential water source. High levels of specific ions and salinity can harm the animals. The National Academy of Sciences offers upper limits for toxic substances in water (see table 6). Additional constituent concentrations and maximum levels that should be noted include sulfate and alkalinity not to exceed 2,000 mg/L and pH ranging between 5.5–8.5 for livestock watering. 27PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
PDF Search Title:
Oil and Gas Produced Water ManagementOriginal File Name Searched:
report157.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)