PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 087
skilled operators. BAF can easily accommodate highly varying water quantity and quality. There is little down time or need for maintenance. Electricity is required for pumps and for fans for aeration and circulating water. The majority of the overall cost of this technology is capital, and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are very low. Primary sedimentation should be employed upstream of BAFs to allow the full bed of the filter to be used for removing nonsettling, colloidal, and dissolved particles if the water requires a large degree of contaminant removal. Sedimentation also should follow BAFs to remove the microbial layer that sloughs off of the filter. In addition to pumps and fans for aeration, other equipment such as distribution nozzles may be required. The estimated energy demand for BAFs is 1–4 kilowatt-hours per day (kWh/day). No chemicals are necessary for this treatment process (USEPA 1980). 7.1.2 Hydrocyclone Hydrocyclones are used to separate solids from liquids based on the density of the materials to be separated. Hydrocyclones normally have a cylindrical section at the top where the liquid is fed tangentially and a conical base. The angle of the conical section determines the performance and separating capability of the hydrocyclone. Hydrocyclones can be made from metal, plastic, or ceramic and have no moving parts. The hydrocyclone has two exits—one at the bottom, called the underflow or reject for the more dense fraction and one, called the overflow or product at the top for the less dense fraction of the original stream (K. Wagner 1986). Hydrocyclones can be used to separate liquids and solids or liquids of different densities. Hydrocyclones can be used to remove particulates and oil from produced water. Depending on the model of hydrocyclone employed, they can remove particles in the range of 5–15 micrometers (μm) (NETL). Hydrocyclones will not remove soluble oil and grease components (T. Hayes 2004). Hydrocyclones have been used extensively to treat produced water and are marketed by numerous companies for produced water treatment (Veil ; Sinker 2007). Hydrocyclones were used to treat fracturing brine in the Barnett Shale play (Burnett 2005). In this research study, hydrocyclones were used in combination with organo-clays as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis. Hydrocyclones can be used to treat water with high solids and organic chemical concentrations and can reduce oil and grease concentrations to 10 ppm. High product water recovery is possible with this technology. The waste generated from a hydrocyclone is a slurry of concentrated solids. This is the only residual that requires disposal. Hydrocyclones do not require any pre- or post-treatment. The hydrocyclone itself does not require any chemicals or energy; however, a forwarding pump may be 72PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
PDF Search Title:
Oil and Gas Produced Water ManagementOriginal File Name Searched:
report157.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)