PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 104
7.2.5.2 Multieffect Distillation In multieffect distillation, vapor from the first evaporator is condensed in the second evaporator and the heat of condensation is used to evaporate the water in the second evaporator. Each evaporator in the series is called an “effect.” 7.2.5.3 Vapor Compression In the vapor compression process, the feed water is preheated in a heat exchanger by the product and reject streams from the process. This process uses a still that contains tubes. The water then is fed to the inside of the tubes, and the vapors then are fed to the outside of the tubes to condense. The gases that do not condense are removed from the steam-condensation space by a vent pump or ejector. The mechanical pump or ejector is a requirement of this process and is necessary to increase the pressure of the vapor to cause condensation. Vapor compression has been used for produced water treatment, and commercially available products currently are marketed for this application. 7.2.5.4 Membrane Distillation Membrane distillation is a thermally driven membrane processes that uses the vapor pressure gradient between the feed solution and the product solution as the driving force. The membrane is hydrophobic and microporous. The flux and salt rejection of this process is independent of feed water salinity. There are many different configurations for the application of membrane distillation. 7.2.6 Alternative Desalination Processes Alternative desalination processes do fall within the thermal or membrane categories and use other materials and mechanisms for desalination. 7.2.6.1 Capacitive Deionization In capacitive deionization, water is passed through pairs of high surface area carbon electrodes that are held at a potential difference of 1.2 volts. Ions and other charged particles are attracted to the oppositely charged electrode. When the electrodes have become saturated with ions, they must be regenerated by removing the applied potential and rinsing the ions out of the system. The carbon aero gel electrodes have a relatively high surface area (500 m2/g) and provide high electrical conductivity, and have a high ion permeability. The electrodes are, however, expensive and have a relatively low ion storage capacity. 7.2.6.3 Softening Softening can be used to remove hardness and silica from the water. Generally, if the water is to be used for agricultural purposes, softening would not be advised because, like nanofiltration, the SAR will be higher following treatment due to removing the divalent ions. 88PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
PDF Search Title:
Oil and Gas Produced Water ManagementOriginal File Name Searched:
report157.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |