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The short-circuit current (ISC) generated by a TENG is proportional to the generated triboelectric charge density (σ), the surface of the electrode (A), and the speed of the relative mechanical movement [v(t)] and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the electrodes: ISC = σAd0v(t) (3) [d0 + x(t)]2 In the construction of triboelectric nanogenerators it is necessary to consider the main factors behind high performance, particularly the choice of triboelectric materials. For this aim, one uses the Triboelectric Series, where the triboelectric materials are ordered according to their polarity (ability of a material to gain/lose electrons) [18, 21, 22]. Materials such as glass or Nylon are positive tribo-materials and tend to lose electrons when coming into contact with negative charge tendency materials [e.g. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) or Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)], that have a tendency to gain electrons [18, 21, 23]. For this study, we choose PDMS and Nylon as the two triboelectrical materials, due to their opposite position in the triboelectric series [21, 23]. PDMS is a widely used polymer, due to its flexibility, manufacturing ease, transparency, biocompatibility and super-hydrophobicity. It is also widely used as triboelectric material in the construction of TENGs for a broad range of applications [24, 25, 26]. On the other hand, Nylon has good mechanical properties (strength and stiffness), high impact resistance, is easy to fabricate and maintains its properties over a large temperature range [27]. Herein, we study the effect of the variation of the thickness of the PDMS triboelectric layer and of the surface area on the generated electrical outputs when PDMS and Nylon come into contact. We aim to best understand and enhance the triboelectric effect and consequently to optimize future prototypes. 2. Experimental details In this study we used a SYLGARD 182 Silicone Elastomer kit, supplied in two parts consisting of the PDMS base and the curing agent component (Dimethyl,Methylhydrogen Siloxane). The base and the curing agent were mixed using a weight ratio of 10:1.We used the spin-coating technique at different rotation-velocities to deposit the fabricated PDMS on an aluminium substrate which will serve as one of the electrodes. The rotation velocity of the spinner was variated from 500 to 5000 rpm, leading to PDMS thicknesses from 13 to 220 μm [28, 29, 30, 28, 29, 31]. Curing of PDMS was performed at 80 ◦C for two hours in an oven. The other triboelectric material (Nylon) was used in thin film form with a thickness of 50 μm. To measure the generated electrical signals, an aluminium tape was attached to both triboelectric ma- terials to serve as electrode and placed into acrylic plates (with 20 cm2). We then used a home-made systematic testing system that makes the two triboelectrics materials come into contact. Measurements of the generated current, voltage and power as a function of the load resistances (RL) were then performed using a circuit board with resistors from 100 to 1 GΩ. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Thickness of the Triboelectric Layer Aiming the improvement of the triboelectric effect, we studied the influence of the PDMS layer thickness on the generated electrical outputs. PDMS was the triboelectric material chosen to vary the thickness (between 13 and 220 μm), while Nylon was used in film form [Fig. 2(a)]. When the different samples of PDMS come into contact with the Nylon plate, we systematically measured the voltage, current and corresponding power. Figures 1(a) and (b) show the measured open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, respectively, for different PDMS layer thicknesses. From these graphs it is possible to observe that the voltage (current) decreases (increases) with increasing thickness of the PDMS triboelectric layer. Taking the average values of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current peak for all PDMS thicknesses we obtained the graphs shown in Figs. 1(c) and (d), respectively. A maximum voltage of 1.4 V for 13 μm of PDMS was obtained. 2PDF Image | Performance of PDMS-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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