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Produced Water White Paper 22 from whence it came. For the remaining produced water volume, 5% is either treated and discharged or beneficially used for irrigation, livestock/wildlife watering, and other uses. For the last 3% of the produced water, percolation and evaporation ponds are the identified method of disposal. The 2002 onshore volume of approximately 14 billion barrels of produced water demonstrates that the oil and gas industry continues to generate a tremendous volume of water that must be properly managed. 3.4 Volume of Produced Water Generated Offshore in the U.S. We were not able to get an accurate current count of produced water generation in the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. Some previously unpublished data shed some light on the subject. In a PowerPoint presentation, Intek (2001) offers some general statistics for offshore produced water volume in 1999 based on an analysis of Minerals Management Service data. In that year, there were 2,399 offshore oil wells and 1,228 offshore gas wells that produced water. A very large percentage of these wells were located in water depths less than 200 meters (oil 93%; gas 98%). Nearly all of the gas wells were very low water producers, generating less than 10 bbl/day of water. The oil wells showed considerably more variation, with most wells reported in several volume groupings ranging from 50 to 1,000 bbl/day. The median oil well produced water volume was approximately 200 bbl/day. A rough estimate of the typical produced water generation rate can be derived by multiplying the median oil well volume by the total number of oil wells producing water. This estimate is about 480,000 bbl/day, or 175 million bbl/year. This estimate is only an order-of-magnitude approximation as it omits consideration of the wells in water depth greater than 200 meters and all gas wells and some of the data are extrapolated from bar graphs. It is included in this white paper only for informational purposes.PDF Image | Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil
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