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Produced Water White Paper 47 - Of the 37 DOWS trials described, 27 were in four producing areas—southeast Saskatchewan, east-central Alberta, the central Alberta reef trends, and East Texas. - Seventeen installations were in 5.5-inch casing, 14 were in 7-inch casing, 1 was in 8.625 inch casing, and 5 were unspecified. - Twenty of the DOWS installations were in wells located in carbonate formations, and 16 were in wells located in sandstone formations. One trial did not specify the lithology. DOWS appeared to work better in carbonate formations, showing an average increase in oil production of 47% (compared with an average of 17% for sandstone formations) and an average decrease in water brought to the surface of 88% (compared with 78% for sandstone formations). - The rate of oil production increased in 19 of the trials, decreased in 12, stayed the same in 2, and was unspecified in 4. The top three performing hydrocyclone-type wells showed oil production increases ranging from 457% to 1,162%, while one well lost all oil production. The top performing well improved from 13 to 164 bpd. The top three gravity separator-type wells showed oil production increases ranging from 106% to 233%, while one well lost all oil production. The top performing well in this group improved from 3 to 10 bpd. - All 29 trials for which both pre-installation and post-installation water production data were provided showed a decrease in water brought to the surface. The decrease ranged from 14% to 97%, with 22 of 29 trials exceeding a 75% reduction. Argonne later ran a program for two years under which funds were offered to companies to subsidize the cost of installing DOWS systems in exchange for receiving detailed operating data. Only two companies participated in this program. The data from a gravity-separator-type DOWS trial in New Mexico (Veil 2000) and a hydrocyclone-type DOWS trial in Texas (Argonne and ALL 2001) are available on Argonne’s website at http://www.ead.anl.gov/ project/dsp_topicdetail.cfm?topicid=18. Several organizations have worked to develop a DOWS unit that separates fluids using a centrifuge. DOE funded development of a centrifugal DOWS by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Walker and Cummins 1999), but this technology has not been tested in a full-scale field application. Chachula (2003) reported on a separate research effort that was expected (as of April 2003) to complete a prototype centrifugal DOWS by the fourth quarter of 2003. Since 1999, DOWS have been used sparsely, although several new designs have been tested (Veil 2001b). Two papers summarize the status of DOWS as of early 2003 (Veil 2003; Chachula 2003). During the first half of 2004, Argonne will review the status ofPDF Image | Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil
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