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2 117 1 000 500 0 2 070 2 000 1 500 1 404 1321 1312 1255 1252 1238 1236 1221 1 158 1018 996 979 921 899 830 794 618 Hardware Modules Inverters Racking and mounting Grid connection Cabling/wiring Safety and security Monitoring and control Installation Mechanical installation Electrical installation Inspection Soft costs Margin Financing costs System design Permitting Incentive application Customer acquisition RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS 2019 Though solar PV technology continues to mature, regional cost differences persist (Figure 3.5). This is true for the module and inverter costs components, but also for the BoS (the rest of the system components). At a global level, cost reductions for modules and inverters accounted for 62% of the global weighted-average total installed cost decline between 2010 and 2019. BoS18 costs are therefore also an important contributor to the declining global weighted-average total installed costs, with 13% of the global reduction coming from lower installation costs, 7% from racking, 3% from other BoS hardware (e.g., cables, junction boxes, etc.) and 15% from a range of smaller categories. This has been driven by competitive pressures, greater installer experience, the spread of best practice installation and soft costs, and module efficiency improvements that reduce some area related BoS costs. Understanding differences in the individual cost components of PV systems in the individual markets, however, remains key to understanding how to unlock further cost reduction potential. This is because there are a range of markets where competitive module and inverter costs are offset by BoS costs significantly above best practice levels. Therefore, adopting policies that can bring down BoS, and soft costs in particular, provides the Figure 3.5 Detailed breakdown of utility-scale solar PV total installed costs by country, 2019 Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database. 18 BoS costs in this chapter do not include inverter costs, which are treated separately. 66 Russian Federation Japan Canada South Africa Argentina Brazil Republic of Korea Mexico Australia United States Indonesia United Kingdom Saudi Arabia France Turkey Germany Italy China India 2019 USD/kWPDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
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