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7 2516083 23 90 90 8512011013683241249201231149254235226 Average wind farm size (MW) Capacity (MW) 200 400 600 800 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 China Europe Other RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS 2019 Figure 4.3 Project turbine size and global weighted average turbine size and wind farm capacity for offshore wind, 2000-2019 Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database. Between 2010 and 2019, the weighted-average turbine capacity increased 114%, from 3 MW to 6.5 MW. Projects commissioned in 2019 had a turbine rating 16% higher than the average for 2018 of 5.6 MW. While less significant than the higher turbine rating, the increase in rotor diameter is also important, as this allows for higher energy capture from the turbines and smoother energy output. This makes offshore wind particularly useful in reducing overall intermittency, if wind deployment displaces more conventional baseload generation. Between 2010 and 2019, the weighted-average rotor diameter for deployments grew by 52%, from 99 m to 151 m, based on available data for active projects. TOTAL INSTALLED COSTS Compared to onshore wind, offshore wind farms have higher total installed costs. Having to install and operate wind turbines in the harsh marine environment offshore increases costs. Planning and project development costs are higher and lead times longer as a result. Data must be collected on seabed characteristics and the site locations offshore wind resource, while permitting and environmental consents are often more complex and time consuming. Logistical costs are higher the farther the project is from a suitable port, while greater water depths require more expensive foundations. 78 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Turbine size (MW)PDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
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