PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 100
RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS 2019 LEVELISED COST OF ELECTRICITY Hydropower has historically provided the backbone of low-cost electricity in a significant number of countries around the world. These range from Norway to Canada, New Zealand to China, and Paraguay to Brazil and Angola – to name just a few countries. Investment costs are highly dependent on location and site conditions, however, which explains the wide range of plant installed costs, and also much of the variation in LCOE between projects. It is also important to note that hydropower projects can be designed to perform very differently from each other, which complicates a simple LCOE assessment. As an example, a plant with a low installed electrical capacity could run continuously to ensure high average capacity factors, but at the expense of being able to ramp up production to meet peak demand loads. Alternatively, a plant with a high installed electrical capacity and low capacity factor, would be designed to help meet peak demand and provide spinning reserve and other ancillary grid services. The latter strategy would involve higher installed costs and lower capacity factors, but where the electricity system needs these services, hydropower can often be the cheapest and most effective solution to these needs. The strategy pursued in each case will depend on the characteristics of the site inflows and the needs of the local market. This is before taking into account the increasing value of hydropower systems with significant reservoir storage, which can provide very low cost and long-term electricity storage to help facilitate a growing share of VRE. In 2019, the global weighted-average cost of electricity from hydropower was USD 0.047/kWh, up 27% from the USD 0.037/kWh recorded in 2010. The global weighted-average cost of electricity from hydropower projects commissioned in years 2010 to 2014 averaged USD 0.044/kWh. This increased to an average of USD 0.049/kWh for projects commissioned over the years 2015 to 2019. Despite these increases through time, however, 89% of the capacity added in 2019 had costs lower than the cheapest new source of fossil fuel-fired electricity generation. This was before considering that a significant proportion of those projects with costs above the lowest fossil fuel cost may have been deployed in remote areas, where it was still the cheapest source of new electricity, given the extensive use of small hydropower, in particular, in providing low-cost electricity in remote locations, and for overall electrification. The weighted-average country/regional LCOE of hydropower projects, large and small, in the IRENA Renewable Cost Database reflects the variation in site- and country-specific project installed costs and capacity factors. The figures for projects commissioned in 2019 range from a country low of USD 0.038/kWh in Brazil to a high of USD 0.13/ kWh in North America, where very little new capacity was added in 2019. Figure 5.7 and Figure 5.8 present the LCOEs of large and small hydropower projects and the capacity weighted averages by country/region. For large hydropower projects, most countries/regions demonstrated a decrease in the weighted-average LCOE between the periods 2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019. The exceptions were Brazil and Other Asia, where the weighted-average LCOE increased, while China maintained relatively the same weighted- average LCOE. Small hydropower projects showed similar trends, with China having the lowest weighted-average LCOE – USD 0.041/kWh – for the 2010 to 2019 time period. In 2019, the global weighted-average LCOE of hydropower was USD 0.047/kWh. Around nine-tenths of the capacity commissioned had costs lower than the cheapest new source of fossil fuel-fired electricity. 100PDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
PDF Search Title:
RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019Original File Name Searched:
IRENA_Power_Generation_Costs_2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)