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Figure 7.4 highlights that, the heterogeneous technology options available for bioenergy-fired power generation – from simple stoker boilers to advanced gasification technologies – and the location of their deployment result in a very heterogeneous distribution of total installed costs by feedstock. The exception is for projects using other vegetal and agricultural waste feedstocks, where deployment is concentrated in non-OECD countries and stoker boilers dominate. This results in much lower variation in total installed costs, although there remains a significant tail of high- cost projects, predominantly related to the use of more advanced technologies with much lower emissions profiles in OECD countries. CAPACITY FACTORS AND EFFICIENCY Bioenergy-fired electricity plants can have very high capacity factors – ranging between 85% and 95% – where feedstock availability is uniform over the entire year. Where the availability of feedstock is based on seasonal agricultural harvests, however, capacity factors are typically lower. An emerging issue for bioenergy power plants is the impact climate change may have on feedstock availability and how this might impact the total annual volume available, as well as its distribution throughout the year. This is an area where the need for research will be ongoing as the climate changes. Figure 7.5 shows that biomass plants that rely on bagasse and landfill gas and other biogases tend to have lower capacity factors (around 50% to 60%), while plants relying on wood, fuel wood, rice husks and industrial and renewable municipal waste tend to have weighted-average capacity factors by region in the range of 60% to 85%. Figure 7.4 Distribution of bioenergy for power total installed costs by technology, 2000-2019 BIOENERGY Bagasse Landfill gas Other vegetal and agricultural waste Renewable municipal waste Other bioenergy 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 2019 USD/kW bins (increments of USD 100/kW) Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database. 115 Percentage share by installed cost bin (by technology)PDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
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