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The Portable Rechargeable Battery Association (PRBA) has issued a statement on reconditioned li-ion cells and batteries that outlines the safety and operational conditions which must be met for battery reuse and refurbishment to take place.95 The EU has also issued a recent report exploring possible criteria for standards for performance and durability assessment of both first life and second-life EV batteries (in advance of a possible EU Ecodesign Regulation).96 This EU study, with regard to second use applications, calls for a standard to: • Define battery EOL for clarity between those working in first and second use applications, and definition of second use applications; • Standardize criteria and guidelines for evaluating battery status (e.g., SoH), safety) and suitability for second use applications at EOL; and • Develop guidance and standard practices on handling used batteries (e.g., for safe dismantling, storing).97 Underwriters Laboratories UL 1974 UL published its Standard for Evaluation for Repurposing Batteries98 in October 2018. This standard seeks to advance battery safety as a manufacturing process standard. The standard addresses methods used to determine the safety and performance of batteries, modules, and cells from used EV battery systems that will be repurposed into second-use battery applications,99 such as for ESSs and other uses for the battery packs, modules, cells and electrochemical capacitors. This ANSI-approved standard covers the sorting and grading process of battery packs, modules and cells and electrochemical capacitors. It includes application specific requirements for repurposed battery packs/systems and battery packs/systems utilizing repurposed modules, cells and other components. UL 1974 does not cover the process for remanufactured batteries (also known as refurbished or rebuilt batteries). 95 The Rechargeable Battery Association. “PRBA – The Rechargeable Battery Association Position on Reconditioned Lithium ion Cells and Batteries.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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