PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 057
4.5.5 VariabilityofChemistriesandCell/PackFormats Li-ion EV batteries are manufactured by many different companies with different design configurations, including variations in energy, capacity, and chemistry, as well as the number and type of cells and physical shape (see Appendix E for descriptions). Some EV batteries are a prismatic design while others are a pouch design. In addition, the specific chemistry of an EV battery is usually not labelled, and as a result, neither third-party battery refurbishers nor recyclers know which kind of battery they are receiving.103 Each EV battery has a BMS that regulates critical functions of the battery, and like the batteries themselves, these are not standardized. Because of this variation, batteries from different EVs cannot be easily received, processed, and assessed in bulk104, and the process of repurposing batteries necessitates reassembling them into different configurations with controllers that are unique to the application and battery.105 A paper published in 2018 noted that “standardization of diagnostics, health monitoring, packing and labeling could simplify the process, but as common standards could interfere with competition between manufacturers this is a sensitive issue.”106 4.5.6 TransportationandLogistics Transport and logistics is another potential technical challenge to EV battery reuse, as used EV batteries can be classified as hazardous waste, which makes transport expensive and highly regulated. These restrictions can pose a challenge for second-life uses, as well as recycling.107 The best information on this topic was found in a trade journal article where a shipping company executive explained the rules108 . Key quotes from these articles are summarized below. According to Achim Glass, senior vice-president and global head of automotive vertical at Kuehne and Nagel Management, damaged EV batteries need to be classified by the shipper as either ‘damaged but not critical’ or ‘damaged and critical’. “The differentiation must be determined based on a scientific examination of the battery, such as reading the battery protocol,” he says. Glass says that, depending on the classification – which cannot be done by the logistics service provider – one of two different supply chain solutions is required. 103 Olsson, L., Fallahi, S., Schnurr, M., Diener, D., and P. van Loon. (2018). “Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life.” Batteries, 4, 1-15. doi:10.3390/batteries4040057 104 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:t4knY1efHZ8J:www.dot.ca.gov/sustainability/docs/2018-03- 26_battery_disposal.pdf+&cd=11&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&client=safari 105Catton, J.W.A., Walker, S.B., McInnis, P., Folwer, M., Fraser, R.A., Young, S.B., and B. Gaffney. (2019). “Design and Analysis of the Use of Re- Purposed Electric Vehicle Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage in Canada.” Batteries, 5(14), 1-19. 106 Olsson, L., Fallahi, S., Schnurr, M., Diener, D., and P. van Loon. (2018). “Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life.” Batteries, 4, 1-15. doi:10.3390/batteries4040057 107 Ibid. 108PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
PDF Search Title:
Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric VehiclesOriginal File Name Searched:
EV-Battery-Reuse-Recycling-18Dec2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |