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Table 14 Retriev Battery Recycling Services, 2019 Retriev Battery Chemistries and Recycling Lines Regulatory Notes Facility Services Lancaster, Ohio, US Processes NiCd, NiMH and lead acid chemistries. Recover nickel, lanthanum and yttrium from NiMH. For large-format batteries. 4,000 tonne capacity117 US RCRA Part B permitted TSD facility. EPA classifies it as Best Demonstrated Available Technology for Cadmium recovery. Output is sold to rare earth, stainless steel or specialty alloy companies, e.g., aerospace applications with superior corrosion resistance. Trail, British Columbia, Canada Processes lithium chemistries (rechargeable and non- rechargeable) and scrap from lithium battery manufacturing All consumer and large-format batteries. 4,500 tonne capacity118 Meets all Canadian requirements Employs 35 people. Recycling only – no reuse is done. Baltimore, Ohio, US Sorts and segregates alkaline, NiCd, NiMH, lead acid, lithium and less common battery types for further processing Sorts, identifies, packages, and ships all battery types prior to recycling LQ UW Handling facility Lithium Chemistries119 120 Li-ion batteries are processed at the Trail, BC facility with a proprietary combination of manual and completely automated hydrometallurgical and materials separation techniques.121 As of 2018, Retriev had processed over 25 million pounds of lithium batteries. For the large-format battery packs from HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs the process begins with manual disassembly of the battery packs by trained technicians to the cell or module level122.Safety training emphasizes proper equipment to avoid any mishaps. Retriev notes that “some EV battery packs are designed in such as way as they can not be disassembled.” Design features which hamper dismantling include welded casings and mechanical fasteners that can’t be opened, and at the battery cell level, some cells are welded together or potted and cannot be disassembled.123 117 The case for recycling: Overview and challenges in the material supply chain for automotive li-ion batteries, Ahmad Mayyas, Darlene Steward, Margaret Mann, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Published in Sustainable Materials and Technologies 17 (2018) e00087. 118 Ibid. 119 http://www.retrievtech.com/recycling/lithium-ion 120 E-mail correspondence from Kathy Bruce, Senior Vice President, Retriev Technologies Ltd., kbruce@retrievtech.com, Trail, BC, with Kelleher Environmental, April 11, 2019. 121http://www.retrievtech.com/recycling-technology 122 Email correspondence from Kathy Bruce, Senior Vice President, Retriev Technologies Ltd., kbruce@retrievtech.com, Trail, BC, with Kelleher Environmental, April 30, 2019. 123 Email correspondence from Kathy Bruce, Senior Vice President, Retriev Technologies Ltd., kbruce@retrievtech.com, Trail, BC, with Kelleher Environmental, March 23, 2019. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 51PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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