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lithium in a pure form. Ultimately, when EOL EV battery volumes are sufficiently high, Umicore plans to locate three facilities globally (one in each of Europe, North America and Asia) to consolidate EV batteries for shipment to Belgium. Figure 19 depicts Umicore’s process for battery recycling. In 2012, Umicore’s recycling technology was awarded with the European Business Award for the Environment in the process category for the best available technology (BAT) at that time for the recycling of rechargeable batteries.131 Note: (GH)2 in the schematic should be Ni (OH)2 – nickel hydroxide Figure 19 Schematic of Hoboken, Belgium Umicore Facility Process 5.2.3 INMETCO,Pennsylvania(US) INMETCO (International Metals Reclamation Company, LLC) is located in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, 35 miles northwest of Pittsburgh. The company is a subsidiary of American Zinc Recycling Corp. and has been in business since 1978. It is a fully permitted recycling facility with US RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) Part B hazardous waste storage status and up-to-date state regulatory compliance.132 INMETCO purchases and processes NiMH batteries (used in HEVs such as the Toyota Prius) only (company staff confirmed by phone in mid-May, 2019 that they do not accept or handle li-ion batteries for EVs). The costing structure for EV battery recycling and processing depends on the battery and the value of the recovered metal. The company generally provides a credit for nickel- based batteries if the 131 http://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4961898 132 http://azr.com/inmetco KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 55PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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