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Teslaisinvestinginafullyclosed-loopoperationforitsli-ionbatteries.Itwillmanufacturebatteriesfor its products in its Reno, Nevada facility, sell the batteries in its EV, stationary storage, and solar applications, take them back when the charge is too depleted for first use, and then recycle the materials into new batteries. The company hopes that using recycled materials will reduce the cost of battery manufacturing. Tesla does not show interest in reuse at this time, and its goal is to recover as much of the battery’s value and materials as possible. Figure 20 shows Tesla’s closed-loop vision for the li-ion battery life cycle. A request was sent to Tesla regarding the planned capacity of the facility but no response was received. Figure 20 Tesla’s Closed Loop Vision for its Battery Life Cycle143 Tesla anticipates a 10-year life for both its vehicles and their batteries but notes that it is still determining the actual real-world EOL behavior of the batteries. Tesla has its own service centers, where it services vehicles and batteries exclusively and where its trained technicians can repair parts of a battery pack. Tesla is primarily recovering its own factory floor scrap from its battery manufacturing. For the returned EV batteries, first it discharges and renders the battery inert a n d t hen t h e batteries are disassembled. The next step is mechanical destruction or separation techniques, w h e r e Tesla’s highest priority is the recovery of critical cathode materials (nickel, cobalt, and lithium), which are returned to elemental form for use in new EV batteries. Tesla also recovers aluminum, copper, steel, and other metals. The company prefers hydrometallurgical processes, which they note result in lower emissionsandhigherrecoveryrates.Tesla iscurrentlyusingaseriesofvendorsinNorthAmericaforthe 143 Weisman, J. April 3, 2019. “Tesla LIB and PV Recycling Programs.” PowerPoint Presentation. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 59PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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