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5.3.5 LithionRecyclingInc. Lithion Recycling Inc. (Lithion) is developing a solution to recover and isolate over 95% of battery components, including high value elements like cobalt, lithium and graphite. With a CAD$3.8 million grant from SDTC, Lithion i s planning a three-phase scale up to commercialization, beginning with a pilot plant. Lithion technology uses an innovative combination of hydro- and electrometallurgy-based extraction processes. The result is a low-carbon process generating zero effluent. The plants operating this technology will be very compact, modular, and affordable. Lithion is supported by a strong consortium of partners in the SDTC funded project consisting of: Seneca experts-conseils; Call2Recycle; Hydro-Québec’s Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CEETES) and Centre d’étude des procédés chimiques du Québec (CÉPROCQ). Together with the partners and the SDTC contribution, the value of the project is estimated at CAD$12 million. Lithion plans worldwide commercialization of its technology, which will begin with the construction of a 200 tons/year capacity pilot plant in Quebec, Canada in 2019. 5.4 Costs of EV Battery Recycling For reasons of confidentiality, EV battery recyclers interviewed for this study would not share information on costs associated with battery recycling. Costs in presented in this section were found through interviews with battery collectors; technical, trade and literature reviews; as well as a review of business and financial plans of companies developing EV battery recycling technology. Figure 32 presents the Neometals li-ion value chain analysis to show the value of sourcing cathode materials through recycling rather than buying them on open markets. The figure shows how the economics of battery production are altered when raw material costs are eliminated (through use of recycled materials). However, the recycled materials are not provided at zero cost, rather they are recovered though recycling processes which are shown elsewhere to have a net cost. This is one of the limitations of the analysis. Two main sources of comparative costs of recycling EV batteries were found through the literature. The first was an extensive financial analysis of their future recycling facility (not yet constructed) by American Manganese, and available through their December, 2018 Business Plan. The second is a paper published by Chinese researchers in 2017 which is not included in the body of this report as it was not considered directly relevant to North America. However, it is included in Appendix J as it provides some interesting information on comparative costs of different process inputs. A lack of reliable data on current EV recycling costs, and a lack of sufficient data to identify the business case for EV battery recycling is identified as a research gap in Section 9. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 77PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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