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7 Ongoing Research, Current and Future Legislation Many organizations are working on options for EOL management of EV batteries, some supported by private industry, national governments or large multi-national bodies such as the EU. Some of these are described in this section along with current and potential future legislation focused on EV batteries. 7.1 Selected Research in the US Numerous efforts are underway by governments and universities as well as private sector companies across the US to identify better ways to recycle and reuse EOL EV batteries, as well as to design better batteries. A selection of these efforts is described in this section. 7.1.1 USDOELithiumBatteryResearchInitiative The US government is interested in capitalizing on the growing interest from investors, automakers, and inventors in the EV battery recycling market, as well as in protecting the supply of strategic materials used in industry, defence, and the wider economy. In late January 2019, US DOE Secretary Rick Perry announced funding for a Battery Recycling Research & Development Center, as well as a Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Prize. The DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy cited the need to recover and recycle critical materials such as cobalt and lithium from lithium-based batteries used in consumer electronics, defence, energy storage, and transportation applications. Citing Executive Order 13817, which calls on reducing “the Nation’s vulnerability to disruptions in the supply of critical minerals, which constitutes a strategic vulnerability for the security and prosperity of the United States222,” the DOE set a goal for the Prize and the R&D Center of developing technologies that can profitably capture 90% of all lithium-based battery technologies in the US. The further goal is to find innovative solutions to collecting, storing, and transporting discarded li-ion batteries for eventual recycling – all within the US. Cash prizes totaling $5.5 million will be awarded to contestants over three progressive phases, focusing successively on solutions from concept to prototype to demonstration. An additional $15 million is earmarked to establish a Lithium Battery R&D Recycling Center, called the ReCell Center.223 Its mission is “to grow a sustainable advanced battery recycling industry by developing economic and environmentally sound recycling process that can be adopted by industry for li-ion and future battery chemistries.” Part of its effort is to research and develop cost-effective recycling processes to recover lithium battery materials, with a goal of potentially recovering all active battery materials. 222 ”Presidential Executive Order on a Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals.” December 20, 2017.PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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