PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 128
recycled in a circular system to minimize environmental impact and extraction of virgin raw materials. The 3-year project, which began on January 1, 2017, will investigate and assess process chains where suitable intermediate projects from recycling can be handled as early as possible by energy-efficient, large-scale industrial facilities.251 In the project description, it says that the system must be able to handle cobalt, copper, aluminum, lithium oxide, manganese and nickel. This work will be conducted in the form of literature studies, LCA studies, thermodynamic calculations, lab-scale and pilot-scale development, and industrial-scale trials and will cover the entire value chain from recovery to new raw materials.252 A research project t i t l e d ‘Second-use of Li-ion batteries from hybrid and electric vehicles’253 is underway is underway (2018-2020) t o investigate the technical and economic conditions for reuse of vehicle batteries in energy storage applications. The project is a collaboration between companies throughout the value chain, from vehicle manufacturers to energy storage developers, end users and recyclers (project partners are: Volkswagen, Stena Metall, Ferroamp, Chalmers, Stena Fastigheter, Stena Renewable and Northvolt). 7.3 Existing Legislation Targeting EV Batteries This section describes the existing legislation mandating recycling of EV batteries in place in the EU and China. Potential future legislation in North America is discussed in Section 7.4. 7.3.1 EuropeanUnionBatteriesDirective There are two separate European Union (EU) Directives that target EV batteries: the Batteries Directive (discussed in this section), which targets EV batteries reaching EOL before the vehicle does, and the End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive, which targets batteries as part of an EOL vehicle (discussed in Section 7.3.2). Management of E O L batteries i n E U c o u n t r i e s is regulated by the Batteries Directive (2006/66/EC), which has been transposed into the national legislation of all European Member States. The Directive's primary objective is to “minimise the negative impact of batteries and waste batteries on the environment to help protect, preserve and improve the quality of the environment.” Under this Directive, EV batteries are categorized as industrial batteries, along with batteries for e-bikes and local energy storage systems (e.g., power walls).254 Other classes of batteries covered by the Directive include portable batteries (e.g., for laptops, smartphones) and automotive batteries used for starting 251 SWERIM. January 16, 2017. “4.7 million kronor for research in battery recycling.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
PDF Search Title:
Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric VehiclesOriginal File Name Searched:
EV-Battery-Reuse-Recycling-18Dec2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)