Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles

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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles ( reuse-and-recycling-batteries-employed-electric-vehicles )

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Figure 59 Panasonic 18650 Cylindrical Battery Cells Used in a Tesla Model S and X322 In June 2017, Panasonic started producing a new, bigger 2170 (21mm in diameter and 70mm long) battery cell format for Tesla’s new Model 3 at Gigafactory 1 in Nevada. The bigger cell design allows for higher energy density and Tesla’s battery packs made of 2170 cells are capable of a higher charge rate.323 Tesla’s standard 50 kWh Model 3 battery pack is comprised of 2,976 of the 2170 battery cells in groups of 31 cells per “brick.” The bricks go into 4 separate modules, two of which contain 23 bricks and the other two with 25 bricks. See Figure 60. Unlike the Model S and X battery pack, the Model 3 battery pack is not easily swappable as there are bolts, which are only accessible by removing trims from the interior of the car.324 Figure 60 Distribution of Cells in a Tesla Model 3 Battery Pack325 Figure 61 shows the battery pack inside a BMW i3. The packs contain eight modules, each of which has 12 prismatic battery cells (for a total of 96 cells) made from Samsung SDI.326 322 Pressman, M. August 6, 2017. “Understanding Tesla’s Lithium Ion Batteries.” https://evannex.com/blogs/news/understanding-teslas-lithium- ion-batteries 323 Lambert, F. April 25, 2019. “Tesla battery supplier Panasonic is considering switching 18650 cell production to 2170 cells.” 324 Lambert, F. August 24, 2017. “Tesla Model 3: Exclusive first look at Tesla’s new battery pack architecture.” 325 Ibid. 326 Lima, P. September 5, 2018. “LION Smart shows off a BMW i3 with a 100 kWh battery.” KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 176

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