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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles

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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles ( reuse-and-recycling-batteries-employed-electric-vehicles )

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luxury EVs, the average range is expected to increase to 350-400 miles.347 By moving closer to the driving range of conventional gasoline vehicles, increased driving range will translate into higher EV adoption rates. Table 25 shows the range reported for PHEVs. This is generally a short distance but the vehicles have and ICE back-up system so are not dependent on charging. Table 26 presents ranges reported for a number of EVs in February, 2019. While Tesla are extending range to 300 miles or more, some small EVs quote short ranges of 60 to 90 miles, and are therefore only suitable for short urban trips. Table 25 Ranges Reported for Selected PHEVs in the US, February, 2019 (miles) Make and Model BMW i8 (PHEV) BMW 330e (PHEV) BMW 740e (PHEV) Cadillac CT6 (PHEV) Chrysler Pacifica (PHEV) Ford Fusion Energi (PHEV) Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) Hyundai Ioniq (PHEV) Kia Niro (PHEV) Mercedes S550 (PHEV) Mercedes C350e (PHEV) Mitsubishi Outlander (PHEV) Porsche Panamera E-Hybrid (PHEV) Porsche 918 Spyder (PHEV) Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV) Volvo XC60 (PHEV) Electric Range of 2018 Models (or latest model available) 18 miles 14 miles 14 miles 31 miles 33 miles 22 miles 48 miles 29 miles 26 miles 20 miles 9 miles 22 miles 31 miles 12 miles 25 miles 17 miles Audi A3 Sportback e-tron (PHEV) 16 miles BMW X5 xDrive40e (PHEV) 14 miles BMW 530e (PHEV) 15 miles Cadillac ELR (PHEV) 37 miles Chevrolet Volt (PHEV) 53 miles Ford C-Max Energi (PHEV) 20 miles Honda Accord (PHEV) 13 miles Hyundai Sonata (PHEV) 27 miles Kia Optima (PHEV) 29 miles Mini Cooper Countryman SE ALL4 (PHEV) 12 miles Mercedes GLE 550e (PHEV) 12 miles Mercedes GLC 350e (PHEV) 21 miles Porsche Panamera S-E (PHEV) 16 miles Porsche Cayenne S-E (PHEV) 27 miles Toyota Prius (PHEV) 11 miles Volvo XC90 (PHEV) 17 miles Volvo S90 T8 (PHEV) 21 miles 347 McDonald, L. 4 January 2017. “’CARMA’ – An EV Adoption Framework For US Auto Buyers.” KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 187

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