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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles

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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles ( reuse-and-recycling-batteries-employed-electric-vehicles )

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M = Model Availability: Research has shown that there is a significant positive correlation between a country’s EV market share and the number of models available in the market.348 There were only 4 EV models available to North American consumers in 2008. By 2017, this had increased to 54.349 Although this is still a small fraction of total available vehicle models, nearly every major automaker has committed to multi-billion dollar investments to develop a spectrum of new models over the coming years. Figure 69 shows how the choice of models has increased over time Figure 69 Number of EV Models Available to Consumers in North America, 2008-2017360 Figure 69 Number of EV Models Available to Consumers in North America, 2008-2017350 A = Awareness: An overall lack of consumer awareness and understanding of EVs is another barrier to mass EV adoption. According to a 2017 consumer survey by Altman Vilandrie & Co351, 60% of Americans are unaware of the existence of plug-in EVs and 80% have never ridden in one. In addition to this lack of awareness and familiarity with EVs, many consumers don’t understand the differences between the three different types of EVs, such as the benefits and costs of each. This barrier can be overcome through public awareness and outreach activities, such as National Drive Electric Week, which allows customers to take test drives and ask questions of both EV owners and dealership staff (among other things).352 Research by the California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative found that 9% of survey respondents purchased or leased an EV within 348Kim, S., Lee, J., and C. Lee. 2017. “Does Driving Range of Electric Vehicles Influence Electric Vehicle Adoption”” Sustainability, 9(10). 349Richter, F. 9 April 2018. “Electric Vehicle Buyers Have the Agony of Choice.” Statista. 350 Richter, F. 9 April 2018. “Electric Vehicle Buyers Have the Agony of Choice.” Statista. 351 Ayre, J. 1 January 2017. “Survey: 60% of Americans Aren’t Aware of Plug-in Electric Vehicles...At All.” 352 Plug In America, Sierra Club and Electric Auto Association. “2018 Highlights.” KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 189 vehicle-models- vehicle-models-

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