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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles

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Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles ( reuse-and-recycling-batteries-employed-electric-vehicles )

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its total budget for capital expenditures through 2022 to develop electrified vehicles380 Ford Motor Company • Ford announced it would invest $4.5 billion in EV production and introduce 13 new models by 2020. Just over two years later, in January 2018, the company announced it would up both of these totals to $11 billion in investments and 40 hybrid and fully electrified vehicles by 2022.381 • $11 billion Geely • In February 2018, the Chinese car manufacturer signed a contract for the construction of a new $5 billion production complex for EVs and PHEVs in the province Zhejiang. • $5 billion General Motors • In October 2017, GM announced it would be developing 20 new all-electric vehicles by 2023.382 To facilitate that goal, GM is investing $28 million in its Warren, Michigan battery lab as the company continues to improve its EV battery technology.383 • In October 2018, the company called on the US federal government to establish a national electric vehicle policy; says EVs should be 25% of all new cars by 2030384 • $0.028 billion Honda Motor Company • As part of its 2030 Vision Plan, the company aims to electrify two-thirds of its automobiles by 2030, which includes hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery electric, and fuel cell vehicles.385 Honda expects this would equate to roughly 3 million vehicles annually at its present global sales levels.386 • N/A Hyundai/Kia • At the end of 2017, Hyundai and Kia announced that they aim to bring 38 “green car” models to market in the next 8 years, with 7 of them planned for the next 5 years387 • In November 2018, Hyundai Motor and Grab, a Southeast Asian ride-sharing company, announced a deal in which Hyundai and Kia Motors will invest an additional $250 million in Grab and create a partnership to pilot electric vehicle programs across the Southeast Asian region. The pilot projects will focus on utilizing EVs to lower costs for Grab’s driver-partners.388 • $0.250 billion Jaguar • In September 2017, the company announced plans to launch only electric or hybrid lines from 2020389 • In June 2018, Jaguar Land Rover announced it would be investing a total of 13.5 billion pounds (USD$18 billion) worldwide over the next 3 years as part of its plan to be able to offer electric versions of all its models. This represents a 26% increase from 10.7 billion pounds over the three previous years through March 2018.390 • $18 billion Nissan • In late 2017, the company announced it intends to build 12 new zero-emission • $11.5 billion Motor vehicles through its partnership with Mitsubishi and Renault by 2022. In doing 380 https://europe.autonews.com/article/20180605/ANE/180609919/fiat-chrysler-will-spend-10-5-billion-on-greener-cars 381 https://www.triplepundit.com/story/2019/reviewing-automakers-sustainability-and-ev-commitments/81991 382 https://www.triplepundit.com/story/2019/reviewing-automakers-sustainability-and-ev-commitments/81991 383 https://www.futurecar.com/2632/General-Motors-Investing-$28-Million-to-Expand-its-EV-Battery-Lab 384 https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianblanco/2018/10/26/gm-calls-for-national-electric-vehicle-policy-says-evs-should-be-25-of-all-new-cars- by-2030/#5df2de531cf0 385 ibid 386 https://www.autonews.com/article/20180607/OEM/180609806/gm-honda-team-up-on-next-gen-ev-batteries 387 https://cleantechnica.com/2018/10/08/top-3-automakers-their-electric-vehicle-plans/ 388 https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/11/20181107-grab.html 389 Cox, J. 7 September 2017. “Jaguar Land Rover commits to all vehicles being electric or hybrid from 2020.” 390 https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/mobility/2018/06/26/jaguar-invest-electric-vehicles/36402445/ KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 195

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