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Appendix J: Findings from Chinese EV Battery Recycling Cost Research In an academic paper412 researchers from technical institutes in Beijing and Shenzhen, China, developed detailed estimates of the economic profitability of recycling EV batteries at EOL. The paper focused on the costs of two types of batteries - LiFePO4 and NMC - which together made up nearly 95% of the Chinese market in 2015. The NMC523 battery was used for the recycling cost, revenue and profit estimates in the research paper as it accounts for almost 75% of NMC batteries in China. Battery composition and recovery rates assumed were taken from literature reviews and manufacturer data, and should be considered theoretical. Commodity metals prices were taken from the Shanghai nonferrous metal website in November, 2017 to estimate the values of cobalt, nickel, lithium and other metals. The analysis assumed that the energy capacity of an EV is about 50kWh, and that the battery weighed 500 kg. This weight and energy capacity is higher than those noted in appendices this report for typical North American EVs. Table 28 presents the estimated costs of recycling the two chemistries. The table shows that the costs are the same for most activities except for the metal recovery cost for the NMC which is estimated to cost $1,784/ton. Depreciation was assumed to be 10 years for equipment and 30 years for buildings, with 5% asset value remaining at the end of the depreciation period. Labour rates and transportation costs were for Shenzhen, China. Costs were estimated with the recycling facility running at full capacity. 412 Xiaoming Ma et al. (2018). “The Recycling of Spent Power Battery: Economic Benefits and Policy Suggestions” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 159. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/159/1/012017 KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 201PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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