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Variable Costs Material recovery cost Fuel cost Environmental expenses Labour charges Fixed costs Spentbattery 0 12,018 0 1,784 Table 28 Estimated Recycling Costs for LFP and NMC523 Batteries from EVs413 Cost (yuan/metric ton)414 Cost ($US/metric ton) Item Content LFP NMC LFP NMC Accessory material cost Solution and extraction solvent 2,500 2,500 371 371 Pre-treatment cost Crushing and separation 500 500 74 74 Handling expenses Residue and ash disposal cost 120 120 18 18 Transportation expenses Fuel fees, Toll, etc. 2,000 2,000 297 297 Fixed Costs Total Costs Electricity, natural gas, etc. Waste water treatment Salary Maintenance of equipment 620 620 92 92 330 330 49 49 470 470 70 70 100 100 15 15 Depreciation allowances 536 536 80 80 7,176 19,194 1,065 2,860 Note: Totals in US may not add up due to rounding of individual costs Table 29 presents an analysis of the value of various materials in the EV batteries in both Chinese yuan and also US dollars, and estimates the potential revenue from recycling the two battery chemistries. Recycling rates assumed for each material are also shown in the table. No attempt has been made to adjust the values in the table for this current study; it is simply presented as one of the few publicly availablecost assessmentsforEVbatteryrecycling. The numbers serve to illustrate two key points regarding the economics of recycling EV batteries on a comparative basis: • The profitability of EV battery recycling is highly dependent on both the cost and quantity of cobalt, copper and nickel in the batteries. The amount of lithium is likely to stay relatively constant for the foreseeable future. • The value assigned to lithium looks like the value of pure lithium, whereas recycling processes generally recover lithium carbonate which has a lower value than shown in the table. • The assumed percentage recovery values are considered unrealistic given current technical 413 The Recycling of Spent Power Battery: Economic Benefits and Policy Suggestions, Xiaoming Ma et al., 2018 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2017 414 ibid KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 202PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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