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energies Article Thermodynamic, Exergy and Environmental Impact Assessment of S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with ORC as Bottoming Cycle Edwin Espinel Blanco 1, Guillermo Valencia Ochoa 2,* and Jorge Duarte Forero 2 1 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Vía Acolsure. Sede el Algodonal Ocaña, Ocaña-Norte de Santander 546552, Colombia; eeespinelb@ufps.edu.co Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8–49, Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 080007, Colombia; jorgeduarte@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co 2 * Correspondence: guillermoevalencia@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co; Tel.: +575-324-94-31 Received: 22 March 2020; Accepted: 29 April 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Abstract: In this article, a thermodynamic, exergy, and environmental impact assessment was carried out on a Brayton S-CO2 cycle coupled with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a bottoming cycle to evaluate performance parameters and potential environmental impacts of the combined system. The performance variables studied were the net power, thermal and exergetic efficiency, and the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) as a function of the variation in turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and high pressure (PHIGH), which are relevant operation parameters from the Brayton S-CO2 cycle. The results showed that the main turbine (T1) and secondary turbine (T2) of the Brayton S-CO2 cycle presented higher exergetic efficiencies (97%), and a better thermal and exergetic behavior compared to the other components of the System. Concerning exergy destruction, it was found that the heat exchangers of the system presented the highest exergy destruction as a consequence of the large mean temperature difference between the carbon dioxide, thermal oil, and organic fluid, and thus this equipment presents the greatest heat transfer irreversibilities of the system. Also, through the Life Cycle Analysis, the potential environmental impact of the system was evaluated to propose a thermal design according to the sustainable development goals. Therefore, it was obtained that T1 was the component with a more significant environmental impact, with a maximum value of 4416 Pts when copper is selected as the equipment material. Keywords: Brayton; environmental impact; exergy; life cycle analysis; ORC; performance parameters 1. Introduction With the reinforcement of environmental legislation, emission mitigation continues to be an essential problem at the industrial level, and heat recovery in manufacturing procedures is becoming standard practice because of progressively stringent policies on energy efficiency [1]. Therefore, waste heat recovery systems play an essential role in saving energy by considering existing energy generation technologies that are geared towards reducing fuel consumption, greenhouse emissions, and electricity production cost [1]. For this reason, the volume of power and temperature, as well as the form and the prices of technologies for the recovering of waste resources, are the key factors determining the feasibility of energy consumed. Accordingly, to reach a maximum recovery capacity, it is of particular significance that the temperature and the residual heat correlate with the energy recovery periods for the remaining electricity [1]. For alternative energy generation, the concept of the simple regeneration process has been suggested, considering CO2 as a working solvent due to its properties [2], including low critical Energies 2020, 13, 2259; doi:10.3390/en13092259 www.mdpi.com/journal/energiesPDF Image | S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with ORC as Bottoming Cycle
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