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Energies 2020, 13, 2259 11 of 24 When calculating the hea◦t exchanger, you check that it meets the introduced pressure drop using Equation (22). Li ci2 ∆Pi = fi· D The heat exchanger mass can be calculated using Equation (23) · 2 (22) Mi = ρ·Ai·δ (23) where ρ is the density (steel is 7930 kg/m3, and copper is 8900 kg/m3), and δ is the material thickness with a value of 0.002 m [32]. The turbine and pump masses are determined using Equation (24) Mi = α·Wi (24) where Wi is the turbine power produced, or the pump power consumed α is the required quality of the material in kg/kW. For steel, the value for α is 14 kg/kW and 31.22 kg/kW for the pump and the turbine, respectively, while for copper, its value is 35.03 kg/kW and 15.71 kg/kW for the turbine and the pump, respectively [32]. According to Equation (25), the environmental impact of each equipment can be described Yi = wi·Mi (25) where wi is the component coefficient Eco 99. Therefore, the environmental impact of equipment (YLCAk) is obtained using Equation (26) [43] YLCAi = Ycoi + Yomi + Ydei (26) where Ycoi, Yomi and Ydei lead to the environmental impacts of the corresponding phases: construction, operation, and decommissioning. Finally, the total environmental impacts of components are determined with Equation (27) Yi =YLCAi+Ywfi (27) where Yw f i is the effect of the organic fluid volume used in each component, and is a function of the component’s exergy destruction, which is determined using Equation (28). Ywf =Ywf·E.Ddi (28) i. EDd−total 3.1. System Thermodynamic and Exergy Performance Figure 5 shows a sensitivity analysis of the thermodynamic and exergy performance indicators of the thermal cycle, based on the inlet temperature of the main turbine (T1) in the Brayton S-CO2-ORC configuration. For the development of the sensitivity analysis, the following considerations were taken into account ORC pressure ratio was 30, evaporator pinch point 25 ◦C, main turbine inlet temperature (TIT) 750K, Brayton cycle high pressure 25 kPa, Brayton turbine efficiency 93%, ORC turbine 80%, compressor efficiency 89%, pump efficiency 75%, and HTR effectiveness 95%. Figure 5a shows the net power generated with the different organic working fluids simulated in the system, observing that as the temperature increases there is a 36% increase in the net power delivered by the system for a range between 550 ◦C and 800 ◦C, showing similar trends among the three organic working fluids studied. hidi 3. Results and DiscussionPDF Image | S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with ORC as Bottoming Cycle
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