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Energies 2020, 13, 2259 15 of 24 Energies 2020. 13. x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 26 Figure 8. Components destroyed exergy with respect to turbine inlet temperature (TIT). Figure 8. Components destroyed exergy with respect to turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The influencTehoefththeremPal oil puomnpt(hPe1),daensdtrthoeyoerdgaenxicefrlguyidbpyumcopm(Pp2)ownernetsheiscopmrepsoennentetsdthiant Fprigesuenrete9d, where HIGH minimum exergy destruction. An alternative to having equipment with less exergy destruction the ITC2 is the component with the highest irreversibility in the configuration studied. This trend would be to propose pumping systems with higher exergy efficiency, which would imply an increase of the exergy destruction continues as the high-pressure turbine decreases, obtaining approximately in the net power produced by the cycle because the pump will consume less energy. However, the 8.67 kW of exergy destroyed in the system by this component when the pressure is 20 MPa, which is pump power is less than that produced by the turbine, which is the reason for the lower contribution reflected in aosfitgheneixfiecragyntdesntreorygedyalnodssthienisethntirsopciocmeffpicoienecynotndtuheotvoertahllethlearrmgael csyizcle poefrftohrmisahnceea,tasetxhcehanger. contribution of these is almost indistinguishable when compared with the exergy destroyed from the Therefore, the operating conditions in the Brayton cycle at the input of operation, although it makes other components of the cycle at the different inlet turbine temperatures. the cycle deliver more power, at the time of coupling with ORC cycle, show important irreversibilities The influence of the PHIGH on the destroyed exergy by components is presented in Figure 9, by heat transfer in the thermal circuit of coupling due to operational limitations to ensure thermal where the ITC2 is the component with the highest irreversibility in the configuration studied. This stabilityonthtreenthderomftahleoielxearngdyodregstaruncitcioflnucidon.tTinhuesearsesthueltshicgahn-prbeesscuoremtpuarbriendewdeictrheatshees,reobsutalitnsinmgadeby approximately 8.67 kW of exergy destroyed in the system by this component when the pressure is 20 the authors in the following references, where they use other working fluids and different models and MPa, which is reflected in a significant energy loss in this component due to the large size of this heat Energies 2020. 13. x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 26 heat recovery systems [44,45]. exchanger. Therefore, the operating conditions in the Brayton cycle at the input of operation, although it makes the cycle deliver more power, at the time of coupling with ORC cycle, show important irreversibilities by heat transfer in the thermal circuit of coupling due to operational limitations to ensure thermal stability on the thermal oil and organic fluid. These results can be compared with the results made by the authors in the following references, where they use other working fluids and different models and heat recovery systems [44,45]. Figure 9. Components destroyed exergy with respect to PHIGH. Figure 9. Components destroyed exergy with respect to PHIGH. Similarly, the exergy destruction in the HTR used in the system increases as the PHIGH increases Similarly, the exergy destruction in the HTR used in the system increases as the PHIGH increases from 20 MPa to 28 MPa, being this the second component with more impact in the process, reaching from 20 MPa to 28 MPa, being this the second component with more impact in the process, reaching a a value of 5.10 kW in the exergy destruction at the maximum operating condition. These results are value of 5.10 kW in the exergy destruction at the maximum operating condition. These results are due to the presence of greater irreversibilities in the thermal source, as it is required that the organic due to the pwroerskeingcfeluoidf rgeraechaetsera hirigrehevreprrseisbsiulrietiaensditnemthperathtuerrem; thaelresfourer,cthei,savsaritabislermequsutibrecdonthsidaetrtehde organic as an objective variable in energy and exergetic optimization to obtain competitive efficiencies for the working fluid reaches a higher pressure and temperature; therefore, this variable must be considered system operating with the energy source under study. 3.3. Life Cycle Assessment Based on the thermodynamic parameters of each state of the Brayton S-CO2-ORC integrated system, the energy and exergetic parameters of the organic components and organic fluids are shown in Table 2. In the proposed system, a lifetime of 20 years was considered [46], in which the components and working fluids will have 7446 working hours [47,48].PDF Image | S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with ORC as Bottoming Cycle
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