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TECHNICAL PAPER ISSN:1047-3289 J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 61:3–6 DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.61.1.3 Copyright 2011 Air & Waste Management Association Performance Analysis of a Solar-Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Engine Anna Bryszewska-Mazurek Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland Tymoteusz S ́ wieboda Electrotechnical Institute, Wroclaw, Poland Wojciech Mazurek Wroclaw University of Technology; and Electrotechnical Institute, Wroclaw, Poland ABSTRACT This paper presents the performance analysis of a power plant with the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The power plant is supplied by thermal energy utilized from a solar energy collector. R245fa was the working fluid in the thermodynamic cycle. The organic cycle with heat regen- eration was built and tested experimentally. The ORC with a heat regenerator obtained the maximum thermo- dynamic efficiency of approximately 9%. INTRODUCTION The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a Clausius Rankine Cycle in which an organic fluid has the function of a work- ing medium. ORC systems became popular in energy pro- duction processes because they allow for use of the waste heat with low temperatures. The ORC system uses solar and geothermal energy for electrical energy production. The ORC system has great flexibility, low mainte- nance requirements, and high safety. The ORC consumes no additional fuel, so the emission of environmental pol- lutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be decreased. The exhaust heat from the ORC could be further utilized to supply absorption chillers. ORC systems are a promising solution for distributed systems of combined heat and power production (CHP). ORC plants are constructed for power production of up to 1 MWel.1 Nowadays, many biomass combustion plants working with ORC processes are also built for heat and power production.2,3 Another situation in which ORC technology is applied is heat utilization from geothermal heat sources. The ORC heat generation system is inte- grated with thermal water drawn directly from a bore hole.4,5 The cooling water leaving the electricity genera- tion system is used in district heating networks. One of the innovative applications of ORC technology is solar IMPLICATIONS The ORC engine can cooperate with any low-temperature waste heat source. Hence, the waste heat can be used for electricity or mechanical work production. desalination.6,7 A stand-alone solar desalination system driven by the ORC can be used to produce drinking water from seawater.8 The advantage of such a system is that it combines efficient desalination technology (reverse os- mosis) with a renewable energy source (solar radiation). Another application of ORC technology is waste heat re- covery from biogas digestion plants.1 The ORC is heated with the excess heat of the combustion engine. The systems of CHP are also developed in a power range from a few kWel, often called micro-CHP. The heat from the condenser is completely used for heating purposes in houses or in small district heating networks.1 This implies that the condensation temperature of the organic working fluid is in a temperature range that is useful for space or water heating (90 °C). This paper examines an ORC system driven by solar ther- mal energy. The ORC is a part of a bigger system utilizing solar energy. This system also applies solar and fuel cells. The ORC system was tested on a small scale, with a power output of a few kWel. Such systems could also cooperate with the low temper- atures of waste heat sources in the range of 10–20 kW. The main issues were improvement of efficiency, selection of the best working fluid, and construction of an expansion machine suitable for a small power output. THE WORKING FLUID The application and temperature of the waste heat deter- mine the selection of the working fluid. Fluids with higher critical temperature allow higher boiling temperatures, but they have lower pressures; therefore, lower pressure differ- ences are possible. The enthalpy differences for organic flu- ids are significantly lower in comparison to water. This causes larger mass flows for the same power output. General criteria taken into consideration to identify the most suitable organic fluids include thermodynamic properties, stability of the fluid, compatibility with mate- rials in contact with the fluid, safety and environmental aspects, availability, and costs. Liu et al.9 investigated the effects of various working fluids on thermal efficiency and total heat recovery effi- ciency. Hung10 indicated that p-xylene showed the highest efficiency whereas benzene showed the lowest. He also in- dicated that p-xylene had the lowest irreversibility in the high temperatures of the waste heat recovery processPDF Image | Solar-Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Engine Performance
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