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Section 3−Background contained in the oil and gas extraction ELGs. These regulations address wastewater discharges from activities such as field exploration, drilling, production, well treatment and well completion activities. Table 3-4. Levels of Control by Subcategory in the Oil and Gas Extraction Effluent Guidelines Offshore Subcategory ● ● ● ● Onshore Subcategory a ● Coastal Subcategory ● ● ● ● ● ● Type of Discharger Regulated BPT BCT BAT NSPS PSES PSNS a PSES and PSNS for the onshore category were promulgated in June 2016 for unconventional oil and gas extraction activities. Pretreatment standards currently do not exist for onshore conventional extraction activities. ● ● Waste streams addressed by the guidelines for 40 CFR Part 435 for the onshore category include: • Drill cuttings, which are the particles generated by drilling into subsurface geologic formations and carried out from the wellbore with the drilling fluid. • Drilling fluid or mud, which are the circulating fluid used in the rotary drilling of wells to clean and condition the hole and to counterbalance formation pressure. • Produced sand, which are the slurried particles used in hydraulic fracturing, the accumulated formation sands, and scales particles generated during production. Produced sand also includes desander discharge from the produced water waste stream, and blowdown of the water phase from the produced water treating system. • Produced water, which are the fluids brought up from the hydrocarbon-bearing strata during the extraction of oil and gas, and includes, where present, formation water, injection water, and any chemicals added downhole or during the oil/water separation process. The oil and gas extraction effluent guidelines also contain several subparts, applicable to production activities in different locations and/or to different types of wells. Table 3-5 provides additional details on the applicability and limitations contained in these subparts. Offshore and coastal facilities are not part of the scope of this study. The onshore category under Subpart C prohibits the direct discharge of pollutants from oil and gas extraction facilities and prohibits the indirect discharge of pollutants from unconventional wells to POTWs. This is called a zero discharge of pollutants standard. However, onshore producers can currently discharge produced water under Subpart E for facilities located west of the 98th meridian (see Figure 3-3). In addition, there are currently no national pretreatment standards to POTWs for wells that do not meet the EPA’s definition of unconventional (see 40 CFR 435.33 and 435.34). Study of Oil and Gas Extraction Wastewater Management 11PDF Image | Study of Oil and Gas Extraction Wastewater
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