PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 025
receiving formations which can lead to induced seismicity. This was particularly of note in areas of the Permian basin in New Mexico and Texas. Also, in discussions with some state agencies induced seismicity was identified as a constraint. However, these concerns were not limited to just those states. Representatives of some state agencies were keenly concerned about the capacity of formations being used for disposal to meet the future demand, particularly when factoring in projected increases in E&P activities. They noted that where formation disposal capacity is insufficient to meet demand, other, perhaps more costly, options would be needed. They were concerned that this could impact the ability of producers to continue producing in certain areas, or at a minimum would increase their costs which may reduce E&P activity. Implications to state royalty revenue, as well as employment impacts, were identified as potential consequences. They indicated that providing additional options for discharge of treated produced water could help to reduce injection disposal capacity concerns in those areas, although potentially the costs could be Some state agency representatives were not supportive of providing additional discharge options for treated produced waters. One reason identified was that existing management options are sufficient. These options, including reuse within the oil and gas field or disposal in Class II UIC disposal wells, were identified as widely available and preferable to surface discharge. Also, representatives of one state agency indicated that they did not support changes to the existing Subpart E beneficial reuse provisions but were not opposed to expanding discharge options. Some state agency representatives were concerned about the potential human health and ecological implications of broader surface discharge and identified many unknowns around produced water composition and treatability as primary reasons for this concern. They indicated that little is known about produced water composition, due to the variety of chemicals used by industry in fracturing, stimulation and well maintenance activities. While producers are required to disclose the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing in some cases, some state agency representatives reported that these disclosures are often incomplete due to the proprietary nature of formulations. They indicated that many of these compounds have not been evaluated for human health and aquatic toxicity, and treatability has not been determined. Also, downhole reactions and transformations have not been assessed. In addition, formation water and E&P practices vary across production areas and basins, further confounding evaluation of produced water characteristics. Some state agency representatives identified several impediments to additional discharge of treated produced waters. A primary impediment identified was that the cost of Study of Oil and Gas Extraction Wastewater Management 20 Section 4−The EPA’s Outreach to Stakeholders higher.Some state agency representatives indicated that as existing disposal options become more constrained, and as the cost of disposal increases, producers could abandon wells. Identifying and plugging these wells could be a significant cost for the state. In addition, they indicated that increasing disposal costs could increase the occurrence of illegal dumping. Therefore, according to them, it would be desirable to maintain existing management options, as well as to provide additional options.PDF Image | Study of Oil and Gas Extraction Wastewater
PDF Search Title:
Study of Oil and Gas Extraction WastewaterOriginal File Name Searched:
oil-and-gas-study_draft_05-2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)