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energies Article A Case Study of the Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle at a Natural Gas Compression Station RafałKowalski*,SzymonKuczyn ́ski ,MariuszŁaciak ,AdamSzurlejandTomaszWłodek Gas Engineering Department, Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; szymon.kuczynski@agh.edu.pl (S.K.); laciak@agh.edu.pl (M.Ł.); szua@agh.edu.pl (A.S.); twlodek@agh.edu.pl (T.W.) * Correspondence: rkowal@agh.edu.pl Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 9 May 2020; Published: 13 May 2020 Abstract: Heat losses caused by the operation of compressor units are a key problem in the energy efficiency improvement of the natural gas compression station operation. Currently, waste heat recovery technologies are expensive and have low efficiency. One of these technologies is organic Rankine cycle (ORC) which is often analyzed in scientific works. In this paper, the authors decided to investigate another technology that allows for the usage of the exhaust waste energy—the supercritical Brayton cycle with CO2 (S-CO2). With a thermodynamic model development of S-CO2, the authors preformed a case study of the potential S-CO2 system at the gas compressor station with the reciprocating engines. By comparing the values of selected S-CO2 efficiency indicators with ORC efficiency indicators at the same natural gas compression station, the authors tried to determine which technology would be better to use at the considered installation. Investigations on parameter change impacts on the system operation (e.g., turbine inlet pressure or exhaust gas cooling temperatures) allowed to determine the direction for further analysis of the S-CO2 usage at the gas compressor station. When waste heat management is considered, priority should be given to its maximum recovery and cost-effectiveness. Keywords: supercritical CO2-Brayton cycle; natural gas; compressor station; waste heat recovery; energy efficiency 1. Introduction Due to the constant global increase in energy demand in various forms, humanity is more and more willingly looking for solutions that will reduce the energy consumption at the stage of production and transportation. In the case of natural gas transmission, it is assumed that the process that requires the consumption of the largest amount of energy is compression of natural gas—compressor stations may be responsible even for 50% of total cost of gas transmission [1]. Natural gas at compressor stations is most often compressed by means of combustion engines (reciprocating engines or gas turbines), which are powered by natural gas. From the point of view of managing the energy efficiency of the natural gas compression station, the heat losses caused by the operation of compressor units are a key problem. As a result of natural gas combustion, hot exhaust gases are emitted to the atmosphere, which may be treated as a potential source of energy. Currently, waste heat recovery technologies are expensive and have low efficiency. Therefore, it is important to (i) search for existing technologies used in other industries and which could be used at a gas compressor station; (ii) simulating various operating variants of these technologies, which will allow to optimize their performance indicators for operating conditions at the gas compressor station. One of the available options is waste heat recovery with the use of a system based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This technology is often analyzed in scientific works e.g., [2–5]. For example, the possibilities of generating electrical Energies 2020, 13, 2447; doi:10.3390/en13102447 www.mdpi.com/journal/energiesPDF Image | Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle Nat Gas Compression Station
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