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Energies 2020, 13, 2447 2 of 18 energy with the ORC systems were checked in Jarosław II natural gas compression station, localized in Jarosław, Podkarpacie Province [2]. Results have shown that the available temperature and the stream of exhaust gases confirm the sense of considering the use of ORC technology. On the assumption of pseudo-steady operation of the system, the average annual net electric power of about 32 kW could be obtained when feeding the ORC system with waste heat from a compressor engine. However, as Kim M.S. et al. presented in their work [6] the ORC has a few disadvantages: the working fluids in ORC (such as R113 and R123) are expensive and strong climate-changing gases [7]. Furthermore, during the heating process of working fluid, its changes the phase, which creates a so-called “pinching” effect in the heat exchanger and thus limits heat exchanger performance [8]. In this paper, the authors decided to investigate a case study of another technology that allows for the usage of the exhaust waste energy—the supercritical Brayton cycle with CO2 (S-CO2). By analyzing different publications on S-CO2, it was found that this technology has a great potential to exceed organic Rankine cycles in certain conditions and applications [9,10]. One of the main reasons for the high potential is the relatively high cycle efficiency at moderate working medium temperatures at the turbine inlet (450–600 ◦C) [11]. This is particularly important in the context of waste heat temperature at gas compressor stations. Francis A. Di Bella (2011) in his work analyzed the development of a gas turbine engine exhaust waste heat recovery navy shipboard module [12]. Preliminary feasibility analysis has indicated a power improvement over the MT-30 gas turbine engine of from 20%, for the simple S-CO2 waste heat recovery system. According to this publication, a typical Rankine cycle system using an organic-based refrigerant (i.e., R245fa or R113), working with the same heat source temperature, could achieve only approximately 15%–17% power improvement. Although, the supercritical Brayton cycle with CO2 as a working medium is a solution to the disadvantages mentioned in the paragraph above. With the growing interest in increasing energy efficiency in the context of climate policy, high efficiency cycles are key to achieving cost-parity for non-renewable sources. The authors of this article did not find publications analyzing the use of S-CO2 for waste heat recovery at a gas compressor station. The main directions where the usage of S-CO2 systems is analyzed are the nuclear e.g., [13–15], geothermal e.g., [16], and solar industry e.g., [17–19]. Wright et al. [20] performed a thermo-economic analysis of four types of S-CO2 systems used for waste heat recovery. They conclude that the “Cascade”, the “Dual Recuperated”, and the “Preheating” cycle maximize the net annual revenue produced by appropriately selecting the operating conditions of the S-CO2 power system type, and by optimizing the amount of waste heat recovery that can be obtained. However, this study focused on the medium scale gas turbine (above 20 MWe). Sarkar and Bhattacharyya [21] carried out an optimization of compressor pressure ratio and intermediate pressure between HP and LP turbines leading to maximum thermal efficiency. They also calculated a 3.5% improvement in the efficiency when reheating is used. A new concept of the combined S-CO2 recompression Brayton/organic Rankine cycle were studied by Akbari and Mahmoudi [22]. The rejected heat in the pre-cooler of SCRBC is at a temperature range suitable to run an ORC (organic Rankine cycle). These studies were carried out for the nuclear application, however, the idea of combining S-CO2 Brayton cycle with ORC can be applicable at compression stations. This manuscript focuses on presenting the case study of a Brayton cycle with S-CO2 as a technology for waste heat recovery at the natural gas compressor station. The main purpose of the work is to determine the capabilities and operating parameters of the potential S-CO2 system at the natural gas compressor station with the reciprocating engines. This paper presents also the impact of system operation parameters (e.g., turbine inlet pressure or exhaust gas cooling temperatures) changes on the energy efficiency indicators of this system. Investigating the impact of parameter changes on the system operation should allow determining the direction of further analysis of the S-CO2 usage at the gas compressor station The assumed waste heat parameters (e.g., stream, temperature, etc.) are real and have been determined for flue gas at the Jarosław II gas compressor station. This publication does not focus on issues related to the use of mechanical work generated by the turbine nor to technical aspects of the studied installation.PDF Image | Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle Nat Gas Compression Station
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