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Processes 2020, 8, 216 8 of 23 where qmg is the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas of ICE and the subscripts in and out indicate the inlet and outlet states of the exhaust gas in the heater, respectively. qmco2 is the mass flow rate of the CO2 gas. Heat rejection in the cooler is Φc =qmco2(h3−h4) (2) The output power of the turbine is WT = qmco2(h1 − h2s)ηS,T = qmco2(h1 − h2) (3) The power consumption of the compressor is WC = qmco2(h5s − h4)/ηS,C = qmco2(h5 − h4) (4) where ηS,T and ηS,C are the isentropic efficiency of the turbine and compressor, respectively. The net output power of the recuperation S-CO2 cycle is Wnet = WT − WC (5) The recuperator effectiveness is defined as ε = T2 − T3 or T6 − T5 (6) T2 − T5 T2 − T5 The energy balance equation for the high temperature recuperator is h2 − h3 = h6 − h5 (7) The thermodynamic performance for the S-CO2 cycle could be evaluated by two parameters, thermal efficiency and the exhaust heat recovery ratio. Thermal efficiency ηt gauged the extent to which the energy input to the working fluid in the heat exchanger is converted to the net output power. ηt = Wnet (8) Φ The exhaust heat recovery ratio ηre is defined as the ratio of net power output to the maximum allowable heat rate from the waste heat source [3]. It can be obtained as follows: ηre = Wnet (9) qmg(hin − h0) where h0 is the enthalpy of ICE exhaust gas at the environment temperature. Similarly, the models for other cycle layouts can be obtained through a similar method. However, the heat transfer distribution in the LTR and HTR is unknown for the split cycle, so an iterative subroutine is necessary to obtain the heat distribution in the LTR and HTR. The calculation of the whole split recompression S-CO2 cycle is shown in Figure 9. First, the turbine outlet parameters are calculated by isentropic efficiency. Then, presuming the inlet temperature T99 at the cold side combining with the heat exchanger effectiveness ε are used to calculate the parameters of the PC, MC and LTR. Meanwhile, the new inlet temperature of the cold fluid in the HTR, T9, is calculated and compared with T99. If the difference between T9 and T99 is lower than 0.1 K, the T99 is right, else the T99 is replaced by T9. Finally, the thermal efficiency and waste heat recovery ratio are calculated by those parameters in each equipment. The heat exchanger effectiveness ε is defined as the ratio of the maximum value of cold fluid temperature difference to hot fluid temperature difference and the inlet temperature difference between the cold fluid and the hot fluid. So, when calculating the parameter of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger effectiveness andPDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Cycle for ICE Waste Heat Recovery
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