SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CYCLES FOR GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE

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SUPERCRITICAL CO2 CYCLES FOR GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE ( supercritical-co2-cycles-for-gas-turbine-combined-cycle )

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At the 180MW scale of this application, a multi-stage axial turbine is the preferred configuration. A preliminary scaling design for the power and drive turbines resulted in a design with 5 stages, and a diameter of 0.8 meters, very similar to the first few stages of a high pressure turbine in a similar size range. At this size, shaft speeds can be reduced to the 3000-3600RPM range, permitting direct generator drive. Total turbine weight is projected to be approximately 50 tons, with a rotor mass of 15 tons. In comparison, a 160MWe steam turbine has a total weight of 200 tons, and a rotor mass of 85 tons. The reduced rotating mass in particular can be expected to generate substantial savings in foundation weight and cost. Scaling the recuperators to these larger sizes requires dividing the total heat transfer duty into multiple devices, as transportation and mechanical support issues can limit the maximum weight of a single heat exchanger – for the purposes of this study, a maximum single-item weight of 75 tons is assumed. For the design case selected, each recuperator would consist of 2 or 3 individual units, connected by external manifolding. While this adds some piping complexity, it would not represent a significant mechanical or site footprint disadvantage. Similar to the preceding cases, the projected performance and cost of the sCO2 system is compared to the power-optimized steam case, now with a triple-pressure HRSG as typically employed at these larger scales. The cost extrapolation to this size is considerable, but the general trend still holds – sCO2 systems can exceed the power output of a typical steam system at a lower projected total cost. COST REDUCTION POTENTIAL Steam-based power plants have over 100 years of commercialization and cost optimization history, while sCO2 systems are only now entering commercial service. It is to be expected that over time, significant cost reduction potential exists for sCO2 bottoming cycles. Some potential areas for further optimization are outlined below. Figure 9: Selected approximate equipment cost breakdown for sCO2 system 15

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