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World Scientific News 48 (2016) 133-148 1. INTRODUCTION There are many ways of waste energy management. One technology with great potential is the method of heat recovery using thermoelectric effect. Thermoelectric effect is the result of direct transformation of electric voltage occurring between two points of the system on the difference of temperatures between these two points or the temperature difference on the voltage. This phenomenon is used to: heating, cooling, temperature measurement. Because electrical voltage is easy to operate and can be accurately record, the devices using thermoelectric effect allow on very precise temperature control and automation of processes of cooling and heating. Depending on the direction of transformation thermoelectric effects are divided into: Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, Thomson phenomenon, Joule effect. 2. THERMOELECTRIC PHOENOMENONS 2. 1. SEEBECK EFFECT Seebeck Effect (the thermovoltaic phenomenon) is one of the thermoelectric effects, consisting on the electromotive force formation called thermoelectric power in a circuit composed of two different materials, which contacts have different temperatures. It is the result of contact dependence of potentials differences between the materials from the temperature. A contact voltage is created by diffusion through the contact surface of electrons from one material to another. As a result, at the contact surface of the material having a lower concentration of electrons their excess creates and on the opposite side of the pin in the second material their scarcity creates. The difference is even greater when the higher is temperature of joint, because then the diffusion of electrons across the joint is stronger. The greater is the temperature difference of joints, the greater is the thermoelectric power. Seebeck noted, connecting the two conductors of different materials in the closed circuit and heating one of the splices, that tilting of the compass needle is the result of its magnetic field, which arises due to temperature difference of splices, so that the observed phenomenon is the thermal magnetic phenomenon. He examined this phenomenon for couples combinations of many materials, finding even the couples, that allowed to use this phenomenon to generate electricity with a capacity up to about 3%. The dependences described by Seebeck shows a formula: V = (SB – SA)·(T2 – T1) (1) where: SA and SB - Seebeck coefficients characteristic for a given material, -134-PDF Image | The energy harvesting from waste heat
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