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5.0 Recommendations and Issues This section provides a summary of issues identified for each of the nine mechanisms and recommendations for addressing these issues. A more detailed discussion of each of the mechanisms, with recommendations, is contained in Attachment 1. In addition, a number of additional issues that may impact the penetration of smart grid technologies are presented. 5.1 Mechanism Recommendations 5.1.1 Conservation Effect of Consumer Information and Feedback Systems This discussion provides recommendations to improve the understanding and effectiveness of feedback that makes consumers aware of their energy consumption and modifications they can make to behaviors in response to information and price signals. This feedback process is necessary to obtain the mutual benefits to customers and utilities from energy efficiency, demand response, diagnostics, and other programs that require interaction with and response from customers. A review of these mechanisms, with a complete list of recommendations for improving the design and implementation of feedback, is presented in Attachment 1. Four methodological issues were identified in the review. The primary issue is the extent to which results are influenced by self-selection of sample respondents, because they may be more motivated with higher levels of environmental concerns and self-efficacy. A second methodological issue is that very few studies evaluated the persistence of the conservation and efficiency effects observed to ensure that behavior change is maintained and rebound effects are prevented. A third methodological issue concerns the sample size and variability of the studies, as in the studies reviewed; the samples were limited to no more than several hundred households that were as homogeneous as possible. The final methodological issue relates to the behavioral granularity of the conservation and efficiency effects reported to understand how the savings obtained from a program were actually achieved. Separate recommendations were formulated to address each of these issues, with a common theme that called a large and diverse sample tracked over a long period of time (24 months), with a study tailored to examine the respective issue. An alternative would be to segment the large sample to examine the behavioral issues in parallel to develop a more robust feedback system. In either case, the examination should include additional issues pertinent to consumer behavior to better understand savings effects and behavioral “entry points” for various groups of consumers, as outlined in the review in Attachment 1. 5.1.2 Deployment of Diagnostics in Residential and Small/Medium Commercial Buildings The issue is that many technologies are required to enable diagnostics in buildings to be performed through the smart grid. Some of these are being developed and marketed today; others are missing from the marketplace. The recommendation is to pursue development of analytic software-based technologies that either are needed for, or could contribute to, cost-effective automated energy management. They include those that: enhance and system operation in residential and small commercial buildings, automate 5.1PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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