PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 087
high and medium consumers save energy with feedback while low consumers increase energy use (a rebound effect). Staats et al. (2004) provided comparative feedback through EcoTeams, i.e., small groups of neighbors, friends, and family who gather monthly to exchange information and to receive information on their own energy savings and comparisons to other teams. Savings were observed during the study period, and during a two-year follow-up indicating electricity savings of 8% and gas savings of 17%. A.2.3 Home Automation/Smart Metering and Advisory Systems Recently there have been several studies reported in which the use of the two-way communication capabilities of smart grid technology have been used to provide feedback to residential households with web-based or energy information system displays (Ueno et al. 2006). The Ueno et al. study used a load survey meter that measured electricity consumption for the entire house, and an end-use meter that provided power consumption at intervals of 30 minutes. The sample was limited to nine households because of the complexity and expense of the technology. The information display provided a variety of outputs, including daily load curves for each appliance, percentage of overall consumption, patterns of consumption over 10-day periods, and various recommendations for saving energy. The results indicated an initial high level of interaction with the display, which leveled off after 10 days, followed by a relatively constant number of interactions and responses to tips provided by the system. Overall, the households reduced consumption by 9% during the test period. Abrahamse et al. (2007) showed that similar targeted information based on self-reported behaviors, and using a web-based tool for feedback, can result in 5% savings (study was done on the basis of questionnaires and overall meter load). The results of both studies indicated that the process of making consumers aware of their specific energy-consuming actions in the context of conservation goals results in savings. A similar personalized advisory system reported by Benders et al. (2006) demonstrated an 8.5% reduction in consumption. Wood and Newborough (2007) suggest that applying principles of information design based on various categories of energy usage will be an effective method to portray usage and savings. With sufficient sample granularity, specific use patterns emerge that can be used as guides to conservation behavior (Firth et al. 2008). A.3 Summary of Feedback Effects The results described in this review are consistent with the conclusion that feedback from metered measurement of energy consumption in the home can lead to energy savings when provided under the proper circumstances. The magnitude of the energy savings impact produced by this feedback effect in the residential sector would depend on how effectively two-way communication systems could penetrate the residential market and how residents respond to the information provided by these meters. Feedback tends to be most effective when it is: • based on actual usage data • provided on a frequent basis (daily is better than weekly, etc.) • involves goal setting and choice • is provided over a long period • involves specific behavioral recommendations regarding appliances • involves normative or historical comparisons. A.3PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
PDF Search Title:
The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 BenefitsOriginal File Name Searched:
PNNL-19112.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |