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160,000 150,000 140,000 130,000 120,000 110,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 Figure E.2. Approach of Determining the Displaced CT Energy: Load reduction (MW) limited by total installed capacity of CTs or assumed load-shifting capability of 10% of peak load, whichever is less. Table E.1. Results of Substituting CT Generation with Off-Peak-Load Generation as a Result of Load Shifting Displaced CT Generation ECAR SERC Installed CT capacity [GW] Reduced CT capacity [GW] Displaced CT Generation [GWh] Duration of CT Generation Displacement [h] % of displaced energy provided by comb. cycle (nat. gas) % of displaced energy provided by steam turbine (nat. gas) % of displaced energy provided by steam turbine (coal) Energy Savings relative to Displaced CT Generation [%] CO2 savings relative to CT displaced generation [%] ECAR 19 10 433 135 50% 50% 23% -10% ERCOT 5 5 246 142 100% 35% 35% MACC 10 6 395 167 100% 35% 35% MAIN 16 5 156 81 60% 40% 24% 24% MAPP 6 3 242 209 20% 80% 16% -37% NPCC(US) 7 6 334 145 100% 35% 35% FRCC 10 4 243 206 100% 35% 35% SERC 29 15 1,510 276 100% 35% 35% SPP 7 4 214 173 100% 35% 35% PNW 2 2 86 149 100% 35% 35% AZN&RMP 6 3 252 230 100% 35% 35% CNV 6 5 174 101 100% 35% 35% US 124 68 4,284 32% 26% The energy and carbon savings estimates are based on the improved utilization of off-peak-load generation capacity and reduced utilization of on-peak-load CT resources. The reductions in electricity and CO2 emissions calculated in Attachment 2 are based on this analysis, additional information from the literature review, and the author’s experience. It is estimated that a direct reduction of 0.04% in total E.3 MW 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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