PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 121
MW 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 ECAR, Summer - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 Hour Additional Combined Cycle Additional Other Fossil Steam Additional Coal Steam Pumped Storage Combustion Turbine Combined Cycle Coal Steam Nuclear Charging at Home Summer Peak Day Summer Average Figure F.1. ECAR Dispatch for Summer Average Load Profile, Valley-Filling Potential, Peak Load Day, and Estimated System Load When Charging a) at Home, b) Home and Work F.3.5 Caveats of the Simplified Approach The benefit estimation is predicated on the assumption that the electric vehicle fleet (EVs and PHEVs) will grow to a size above 64% of our LDV stock. In absolute numbers of vehicles, it would amount to about 140 million cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and vans (DOT 2002). It is not clear if and when EVs will have reached such a market penetration. In other words, there is no timeline associated with the realization of the smart grid benefits. This makes it very difficult to define the reference scenario for a conventional car. In other words, is the reference car a conventional car in 2020 or 2050? Beyond the 2020 time horizon, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the performance characteristics of a conventional car. Furthermore, the simplified benefit estimation quantifies the enabling characteristics of smart grid technologies by relaxing the bound from 64% to 73% of the LDV stock in the United States, allowing an additional 18 million EVs in the national fleet. The benefits of 18 million vehicles should only be seen as a bounding estimate or technical potential. There is currently much discussion about whether 120-volt charging will be the norm. In large vehicles like SUVs, charging at that voltage for a 30-mile range can take 12 hours or more. Shorter charging times may be highly desired by consumers, and 240-volt charging may become the standard. 240-volt outlets in garages of new homes are already required in California for this reason. To a first order, charging at 240 volts doubles the peak load impact of unmanaged charging, and therefore cuts the number of vehicles that can be supported with unmanaged charging in half, to about 70 million. This reduces the fraction of electric VMT that can be supported by the grid before smart charging is required to 32%, raising the smart grid’s impact from 9% to 41%. F.7PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
PDF Search Title:
The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 BenefitsOriginal File Name Searched:
PNNL-19112.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)