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Indirect Savings Mechanism B Joint Marketing of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Programs Avoided Expenditure Reinvested to Save Carbon (2030) Baseline Captial Expenditure Electric Sector Annual Reductions (2030) Energy 9 (10 kWh/ year) 0000 Est. Low High (109 $) 15 6 Savings (109 $) 0.0 0.0 % of United States Carbon Emissions % of United (MMT/ % 0 0 • % 0 0 % 1 1 Investment 10% Demand Response, Residential @ $400/kW & 8.8¢/kWh 10% Demand Response, Small/Medium Commercial Buildings @ $300/kW & 8.8¢/kWh States year) • – The baseline quantity of capital cost attributable to 10% demand response is calculated by prorating total generating capacity (1111 GW – AEO) by the share of residential electricity consumption (35% -AEO). This capacity (385 GW) is then multiplied by the 10% that is affected by demand response, then multiplied by $400/kW to obtain the baseline value of $15 B. – Since the estimated electricity reductions from the synergy between energy efficiency and demand response programs is expected to be zero, there are no savings in capital investments that can be re-invested–therefore, there are no reductions in electricity and emissions attributable to this measure. If, for example, capital expenditures decreased by 1%, then the reduction in energy and CO2 emissions would be 2 B kWh (0.04%) and 1 MMT ton (0.04%), respectively. Small/Medium Commercial Buildings – The baseline quantity of capital cost attributable to the 10% demand response is calculated by prorating total generating capacity (1111 GW – AEO) that serves Small/Medium Commercial buildings by the share of 2030 commercial sector electricity consumption consumed by Small/Medium Commercial buildings (17% - CBECS). This capacity (189 GW) is then multiplied by the 10% that is affected by demand response, and then multiplied by $300/kW to obtain the baseline value of $6 B. – Since the estimated electricity reductions from the synergy between energy efficiency and demand response programs is expected to be zero, there are no savings in capital investments that can be re-invested–therefore there are no reductions in energy and emissions attributable to this measure If, for example, capital expenditures decreased by 1%, then the reduction in energy and CO2 emissions would be 1 B kWh (0.01%) and 0.4 MMT ton (0.01%), respectively. Residential Sector Assumptions • Sector savings of 0% • Penetration = 100% 2.13PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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