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Energies 2020, 13, 6576 6 of 24 • User demand The user demand profile chosen for the study consists of 20 multifamily houses with an average occupancy rate of 1.95 people per house. The profile used for the study was obtained with the tool EnDerHgieWs2c0a20lc,1[33,9x]FaOnRdPEitEiRsReExVpIlEaWinedindetailin[31]. 6of25 Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 25 Control A different control strategy was followed in each case. The control of the stratified case consists of aAtemdAipfdfeiffraetnruetrncetocnotnrnotrloslltsrtahrtaetgeyigsywpwaesrafsfofrlomllolewodwedethdirnionueeagachchhaccahasysese.t.TeTrheheseicscooncnotrtnrotolrloolflfetthrhethsattrtractioiffimiedmdcaansdesctohnesisetst-of opfoainttetemtepmpeerpraeatrtuartreuercceoonontfrtro6o0llt°htChaatintisitspheperesfroeflroemrcmtededdtnhtorhodrueoguohgfhathhaeyhstytoesrtaegsreiesticasoncnkot.rnoTtlrhloelrluetphrapthteacrotdmceoamdambnadansdthswetahssetf-isxpeeot-dint ◦◦ paottien6mt3tpe°eCmrapateunrdaettuohfre60olofwC60eirn°Cdtheieandstehlbeacsntedldeicnstoefdixeneodfdtaehteo6fs0toh°reCags,teocotrangskeid.teTarnhinkeg.uTp6hp0e°ruCdpepaesdrtdbhaenadmd bwinaainmsdfiuwxmeadsayfitsxt6e3dmC ◦◦ atteam6n3pde°trChateaunlroedwsteihnrecdeleoatwhdebraindnsedtadilslafibtiaxonend maistu6fsi0txesCdat,iasctfoyn60stihd°eCerl,iencgogion6ns0iedlleCariarnesgtuh6l0eatm°iCoinaim[s40tuh]m.e Fmsiygisuntriememutmreempsrpyeesrteanmttusre tgemrsaipnehcreiactathulleryeinthsietnaoclelpaetrihoaentioimnsuotsaftltlsahateitoihsnyfysmttehuresstliesgacitoisnfteyrlolatlhlerer.glIeunglaitohtineoenullp[a4p0re]er.gpFuailgratutioroefnt2h[re4e0fpi]g.reuFsriegn,utrsheegreavrpeophluricetaisoellnytostfhe gtrhaoeptheirmcaatpiloleynratohtufertoehpeaethrtyahsteitoecnroeosniftsrtocholenhtorydosletlehrea. sIinsbetcheoenutrepopllrers.peInanrtethdoe.f Authpsepifitegrcaupnraerb,tetohofebtehsveorfvliugetduio,renth, otehftetehmeevptoelmuratpitouenraeotiufsre twheaetltlethmkepcetornbatetrutowrleeneaontdte6h0ehacsnodnbte6reo3nl°rnCeopdreusrheinansgtebodep.eeAnrsarteiitpocrnae.nsTebnheteopdbo.ssAeirtsvioietndc,oatfnhtebhtemocobpnsetraovtleudor,fetihesemwtpeemllrakpteuprratetbuienrtewthiesen ◦ wtae6nl0lkkaienspdatn6b3iemtwCpoedreutnarni6nt0gvaaonrpdiaebr6a3leti°,oCtnh.derTuehrfioenrpgeooistpiwteioraansticofnt.hsTiedhceornepdtorsoailstioaofnteompf tptihmeeriazctoautnrietornionlvtoahfreitaetbamlnepk. eirsaatunrieminpotrhteant tanvkariisaabnlei,mthpeorretfaonretvitawriabslceo,nthsiedrerfoedreaistawnaospctoinmsizdaetrieodnavsarainabolpe.timizationvariable. Figure 2. Description of the hysteresis controller. Figure 2. Description of the hysteresis controller. Figure 2. Description of the hysteresis controller. The tank model was composed of 15 levels, three variable levels were considered enough to The tank model was composed of 15 levels, three variable levels were considered enough to study studTyhtehetainkflumenodcelowf tahsiscpomarpamosetderoofn15thlevsyeslst,emthrpeerfvoarrmiaabnlecel:etvoeplsnwodeereocfothnesidtaenrked, foeunrotuhgnhotdoe the influence of this parameter on the system performance: top node of the tank, fourth node from the sftruodmy the tionpflu(7e5n%ceoof fhtehigishpt)a,raanmdestevreonnththneodsyes(t5e0m%poefrhfoerigmhatn),caes: ittoips nscohdeemoaftitchaelltyanshko, wfonuritnhFnigoudree top (75% of height), and seventh node (50% of height), as it is schematically shown in Figure 3. f.rom the top (75% of height) ,and seventh node (50% of height), as it is schematically shown in Figure . Figure 3. Control options considered for the stratified tank case. Figure 3. Control options considered for the stratified tank case. Figure 3. Control options considered for the stratified tank case. ◦ ThTehewwataetreoruotulettletetmempepreartautruereatathtehecocnodnednesnesrewr wasasestetoto6363°C.CT.hTihsirsersepsopnodnsdtsotothtehefafcatcotfof ◦ mmaianTitnhateianiwinaigntegarmaomiuntilnmeitmutmeumtepmtermpaetpurearretautaruetrtienhienthcteohnteadnteaknsokefor6f0w6°0aCs,Cswe,thwtiochhic6ih3s it°shCet.hcTeohcniotsrnorterlospleotspentodpisnotitnotetmthepmeefpraectrtuaortuef.re. mTahientsaiimniunlgataiomnsinpimerufmormteemdpeshraotwureedin63the°Ctanaks othf e60m°Cin,iwmhuimch oisutthletcoconntrdoelnsseetrpotienmt pteemrapteuraetutrhea.t Tahcehiesvimesutlhatisiornesqupiererfmoremntesdtasbhlyo.wed 63 °C as the minimum outlet condenser temperature that achievHeoswtheivserre,qtuhierevmaerniatbsltea-bwlya.ter-volume case needs also to control the volume of water stored insidHeotwhevtaenr,k,ththeuvsarreiqaublieri-nwgaatesrw-viotcluhmtoesctoaspethneefidllsinaglsaondtothcoenStHroPl uthse wvohleunmtheeotfanwkatiserfusltlo, raend itnosifdilel itnheantadnskw, itthcuhsorneqthueirSinHgPawswheintcthteotasntokprethaechfielsliangloawndletvheel lSimHPit,uwsehiwchceonutlhdelteandktoisefmulpl,tyanindg t t o h f e i l t l a i n n k a n i f d t h s we D i t c H h W o n d t e h m e a S n H d P f wo l h l o e w n s t . h F e o t r a n t h k i s r e p a u c h r p e o s s a e l , o a w p l a e r v a e m l e l i t m e r i t a , l w p h h a i c d h e c f o i n u e l d d l a e s a t d h t e o p e e m r c p e t n y t i a n g g e tohfetthaenkmifntihmeuDmHvWoludmemeaindsidfoelltoawnks,. 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