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Energies 2020, 13, 6576 12 of 24 to the higher efficiency, the results corresponding to the other node positions are not shown as the obtained trends are similar to the previous case. It should be noted that in this case, the mass flow rate (MWOFF) circulating through the recuperator Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 25 when the SHP is off must be determined. As it is indicated in Table 1, a parametric study about the and the results shown in Figure 9 correspond to a MWOFF value of 2000 kg/h, which has been the influence of this value in the total energy consumption of the system has been performed and the optimum value obtained from the parametric study. results shown in Figure 9 correspond to a MWOFF value of 2000 kg/h, which has been the optimum The results show similar trends to the variable-water-volume tank. The best results are obtained value obtained from the parametric study. for the lowest values of SHP-tank size, however it is observed that for a given SHP size, the tank The results show similar trends to the variable-water-volume tank. The best results are obtained volume should be larger. Regarding the working hours of the SHP are similar to the variable-water- for the lowest values of SHP-tank size, however it is observed that for a given SHP size, the tank volume volume case. Concerning the MWOFF value, the system global efficiency increases as this value should be larger. Regarding the working hours of the SHP are similar to the variable-water-volume increases due to an increase on the energy recovered, but also the energy consumed from the case. Concerning the MWOFF value, the system global efficiency increases as this value increases due circulation pumps increases. Thus, there exists an optimum around 2000 kg/h over which the energy to an increase on the energy recovered, but also the energy consumed from the circulation pumps recovered collapses but the energy consumption from the circulation pumps continues increasing. increases. Thus, there exists an optimum around 2000 kg/h over which the energy recovered collapses The best stratified case shows a 0.8% lower energy consumption compared with the variable-water- but the energy consumption from the circulation pumps continues increasing. The best stratified case volume case but requires 87% more energy from the low temperature heat source. shows a 0.8% lower energy consumption compared with the variable-water-volume case but requires In the next subsection, the energy from the low temperature heat source of the stratified tank 87% more energy from the low temperature heat source. systems is going to be limited to the values obtained for the variable-water-volume tank. (( Fiigure 99..PePrefrofromrmanacnecemmapaspfsorfotrhethceonctornotlrnool dneodpelacpeladciendthine t1hset n1osdt enoandde anMdWa OMFWF vOaFluFevoaflu2e00o0f k2g0/0h0okfgt/heoafnthneualnennuearlgeynceorgnysucmonpstuiomnpatniodnwaonrdkwinogrhkoinugrshfourrtshfeorvathlueevsaolufeSsHoPfaSnHdPtandkstaiznek.size. In the next subsection, the energy from the low temperature heat source of the stratified tank 3.2.3. Stratified Case Results with Water Heat Source Limitation systems is going to be limited to the values obtained for the variable-water-volume tank. For the limitation of water availability, two options have been analyzed. First, the same amount o3f.2e.n3.erSgtryartieficeodveCraesdefRroemsultoswtiethmWpeartaetruHreeahteSaotusorcuercLeimthiatantiionnthevariable-water-volumetankwas imposed on the model. Later on, the use of the same amount of water was considered, in this case to For the limitation of water availability, two options have been analyzed. First, the same amount simulate that behavior, the scheme shown in Figure 10 was used. According to the results obtained of energy recovered from low temperature heat source than in the variable-water-volume tank was previously, the bypass configuration is not going to be analyzed for these cases. imposed on the model. Later on, the use of the same amount of water was considered, in this case to simulate that behavior, the scheme shown in Figure 10 was used. According to the results obtained previously, the bypass configuration is not going to be analyzed for these cases. Limitation in the Energy Recovered by the System The value at which the restriction was imposed is 88,060 kWh, which corresponds to the one required in the variable-water-volume case. In this way, the stratified cases with a higher energy use than the limited settled will be discarded. Figure 11 represents the energy consumption as a function of SHP size and tank volume for several values of MWOFF. The results show that the annual energy consumption of the system increases until it reaches a value of 200 kg/h, maintaining the space area of possible configurations of SHP-tank size and later on, the energy consumption changes the trend with MWOFF and begins to decrease slowly with the increase of MWOFF. In addition, it is observed that the space area of possible system Figure 10. System configuration arranged to limit the energy use from the hot network as a variation in the system. configurations is reduced. Limitation in the Energy Recovered by the SystemPDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp
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