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been arranged. The daily water use from the low temperature heat source of the variable-water- volume case has been used as the daily limit. While this limit is not reached, it was considered to store the energy at the outlet of the evaporator of the SHP. In this way, when the daily limit is reached, the hot water network flow at 30 °C is stopped and the system could take the water from the tank Energies 2020, 13, 6576 15 of 24 where the outlet of the SHP evaporator has been stored instead of taking it from the network at 10 o C, as shown in Error! Reference source not found.. • ITnheFingumreb, etrheofrwesourlktsinfgorhothuersaonfntuhaelSeHnPerigsyhicgohnesrutmhapntifonr tahnedvSaHriaPblwe-owrkaitnerg-vhoolumrsehcaseb.een represented as a function of the SHP-tank size for the MWOFF value of 300 kg/h. (( Figure13. Performance maps for the control node placed in the 1st node and a MWOFF value of 300 Figure 13. Performance maps for the control node placed in the 1st node and a MWOFF value of kg/h considering sewage water limitation as a restriction of the annual energy consumption and 300 kg/h considering sewage water limitation as a restriction of the annual energy consumption and working hours for the values of SHP and tank size. 3.3. Comparison Results Regarding the obtained results for this case, the following statements can be done: In this subsection, a comparison among the solutions for the different cases is presented. Table 3 • The map of possible solutions is similar to the obtained for the stratified cases without any summarizes the obtained results for one specific solution in such a way that the comparison could be limitation in the heat source. made in a clear way. The table includes the results of the optimization variables as well as the energy • The total energy use from the water has increases in 10% compared to the variable-water-volume performance indicators selected (see Section 2). Among the different values for the minimum energy case. consumption, the solution with the smaller SHP size is presented. In some cases, there are solutions in • The energy consumption in this case is higher than for the variable-water-volume case. which the minimum SHP implies a significant increase of the tank volume, for those cases two different • The number of working hours of the SHP is higher than for the variable-water-volume case. size alternatives have been presented. The comparison between the different cases shows that variable-water-volume tank requires a 3.3. Comparison Results smaller system (tank and SHP) than stratified system. This is a consequence of the better energy In this subsection, a comparison among the solutions for the different cases is presented. Error! storage strategy of this type of tank. A more detailed explanation about this point is found in the Reference source not found. summarizes the obtained results for one specific solution in such a way annex, where an energy and exergy analysis of both tank configurations have been done. In that that the comparison could be made in a clear way. The table includes the results of the optimization analysis, it is demonstrated that although the energy content of both tanks is similar, the exergy of the variables as well as the energy performance indicators selected (see section 2). Among the different variable-water-volume tank is significantly higher (8%), allowing a volume reduction of it. For the values for the minimum energy consumption, the solution with the smaller SHP size is presented. In calculated cases, the variable-water-volume tank requires half the volume of the stratified tank and the some cases, there are solutions in which the minimum SHP implies a significant increase of the tank SHP can work with 33% lower capacity. volume, for those cases two different size alternatives have been presented. From the point of view of energy efficiency, when the by-pass is present, the reduction in the The comparison between the different cases shows that variable-water-volume tank requires a energy efficiency of the system is very significant, and as the SHP is working for a longer time period, smaller system (tank and SHP) than stratified system. This is a consequence of the better energy the amount of used heat water source is also higher than in the stratified cases, therefore from these storage strategy of this type of tank. A more detailed explanation about this point is found in the results it can be concluded that the water has be to preheated before entering in the tank in all the annex, where an energy and exergy analysis of both tank configurations have been done. In that situations. The stratified tank requires significantly higher amount of low temperature heat from the analysis, it is demonstrated that although the energy content of both tanks is similar, the exergy of source (87%) than the variable-water-volume tank in order to have a similar efficiency. the variable-water-volume tank is significantly higher (8%), allowing a volume reduction of it. For For the same energy use from the low temperature heat source, the stratified system with the the calculated cases, the variable-water-volume tank requires half the volume of the stratified tank proper control has a reduction in energy efficiency of 3.6% compared to the variable-water-volume and the SHP can work with 33% lower capacity. tank. This difference can be reduced to almost 2% but in that case, 10% more of energy from the water From the point of view of energy efficiency, when the by-pass is present, the reduction in the heat source must be used. energy efficiency of the system is very significant, and as the SHP is working for a longer time period, the amount of used heat water source is also higher than in the stratified cases, therefore from these results it can be concluded that the water has be to preheated before entering in the tank in all thePDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp
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