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Energies 2020, 13, 6576 21 of 24 (a) Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW (c) (b) (d) 22 of 25 Figure A3. Results of the energy analysis: (a) Energy input to the tank, (b) Energy recovered to the Figure A3. Results of the energy analysis: (a) Energy input to the tank, (b) Energy recovered to the mixing valve before the user, (c) Energy losses of the tank to the ambient, and (d) Energy efficiency. mixing valve before the user, (c) Energy losses of the tank to the ambient, and (d) Energy efficiency. The results for the exergy analysis are introduced in Figure A4. The results show much higher The results for the exergy analysis are introduced in Error! Reference source not found.. The exergy efficiency of the variable-water-volume case over the stratified case, concretely 7.7% difference results show much higher exergy efficiency of the variable-water-volume case over the stratified case, in average as Figure A4e shows. This is translated in a lower exergy input need to the tank to reach concretely 7.7% difference in average as Error! Reference source not found.e shows. This is translated the same exergy recovered for the user. This fact is due, on one hand, to the exergy losses which in a lower exergy input need to the tank to reach the same exergy recovered for the user. This fact is similarly to the energy analysis are lower for the variable-water-volume case but with a little difference. due, on one hand, to the exergy losses which similarly to the energy analysis are lower for the However, the big difference is due to the exergy destroyed. The variable-water-volume case shows, variable-water-volume case but with a little difference. However, the big difference is due to the see Figure A4d, no exergy destroyed at all, whereas the stratified case shows an average value of exergy exergy destroyed. The variable-water-volume case shows, see Figure A4d, no exergy destroyed at all, destroyed of 165 kWh. This is the main difference between both cases; the higher exergy consumed by whereas the stratified case shows an average value of exergy destroyed of 165 kWh. This is the main the stratified case is mainly due to the stratification of the tank. The stratified model uses the exergy difference between both cases; the higher exergy consumed by the stratified case is mainly due to the input to give the user the exergy demand but also to increase the temperature of the dead water volume stratification of the tank. The stratified model uses the exergy input to give the user the exergy that due to stratification is under the set-point temperature. In contrast, the variable-water-volume demand but also to increase the temperature of the dead water volume that due to stratification is model uses the exergy only to reach the user demand since there is no stratification inside the tank. under the set-point temperature. In contrast, the variable-water-volume model uses the exergy only The variable-water-volume case can store more exergy per volume than the stratified. This fact is to reach the user demand since there is no stratification inside the tank. due to the stratification inside the tank. Set-point temperature is fixed at 60 oC, but only a part of the stratified tank is at set-point temperature, the rest of the tank is at lower temperature which is known as the dead water volume and thus it is not useful for the system. Part of the exergy is used for heating up the cold nodes of the(at)ank, whereas the variable-water-volume model(wb)ith all the volume at the set-point temperature uses the exergy input only for reaching the user demand. This fact allows the variable-water-volume to store more energy per volume compared with the stratified case and thus reach user comfort with lower tank volumes. (c) (d)PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp
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