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active materials with electrodes on substrate support fabricated by 3D printing (Sigma R19 BCN3D with 20% PLA filling, BCN3D, Barcelona, Spain) with dimensions 10 × 6 × 1 cm (slightly larger than the active materials) to perform the triboelectric measures. To assure good adhesion of the active material to the substrate, double-sided adhesive tape (Tesa 4970, Tesa, Lisboa, Portugal) was used. Table 1 summarizes the materials used in this work considering the triboelectric series, including Materials 2020, 13, 4980 4 of 12 Materitahlse20c2Mo0m,a1tep3r,ioaxlsFi2Ote0R2w0P,Ei1tE3h,Rx3RF0EOVwRIEtP.W%EERBTRE/PVVIEDWF composite (30BT/PVDF). 4 of 12 4 of 12 activemaatTecartbiavleles1mw.(aiAthe)rMeialaeltscetrwrioaildtshewseilotehncintsruothdbesetsriaobtnoeesleucbptrspitcorasreterfieassburupiscpeaodtreitndfatbhbyerip3cDraetsepednritbnwytion3rgDk([pS27irg,i2nm8t]ianaRgnd1(9S(BiBg)CmpNair3RDo1f9BCN3D area was 8.0 × 5.8 cm, as shown in Figure 1. The final step of sample preparation was to place the active with 20%wmPLiattAher2ifai0l%lsinuPgseL,dBAiCnfNitlhl3ienDcgo,,nBtaCrccNt-esl3eoDpna,arB,ataSiropcnaeimlno)ondwae,itStrhpibadoiienml)eecwtnrisitcihoenxdpsime1r0iemn×es6niot×sn.s11c0m×(6sli×g1htclmy la(srlgigehrtlhyalnarger than materials with electrodes on substrate support fabricated by 3D printing (Sigma R19 BCN3D with 20% the activethmeaatecrtivales)mtoatepreiarflos)rmtotpherftorirbmoetlhecetrtircibmoelaescutriecs.mTeoasausrseusr.eTgooaosdsuardehgeosiodnaodfhtehseioanctoivfethe active PLA filling, BCN3D, Barcelona, Spain) with dimensions 10 × 6 × 1 cm (slightly larger than the active (A) material tmo tahtersiualbtsotrtahte,sduobustbrlaet-es,ideodubaldeh-seisdivede taadphee(sTiveesata4p9e70(T, Teseasa4,9L7i0s,bToeas,aP,oLritsubgoal,)Pwoarstuugsaeld).was used. materials) to perform the triboelectric measures. To assure good adhesion of the active material to the Positive Negative Table 1 suTmamblaer1izseusmthmeamriaztesritahles musaetderiinaltshuisswedoirnktchoinsswidoerrkincgonthsiedterribinogeltehcetrtircibsoeerilesc,trinicsluerdiiensg, including substrate, double-sided adhesive tape (Tesa 4970, Tesa, Lisboa, Portugal) was used. Mica polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) the compothsietecowmitpho3s0itewwt.%ithB3T0/PwVtD.%FBcTom/PpVoDsFiteco(3m0pBoTs/PitVe D(3F0)B.T/PVDF). polyamide 6-6 (PA66) polyurethane (PU) Table 1s.ty(Are)nMe-eatheryilaelnsew/biuthtyinletnhe-sttryibreoneleectric series used in pthoelypreospeynltewneo(rPkP[)27,28] and (B) pair of Table 1. (AT)aMblaete1r.ia(Als)wMi(taShtEienrBiStah)lse wtritbhoienletchteritcrisbeoreielescutrsiecdseinriethseupserdesienthweoprrkes[2e7n,t2w8]oarnkd[2(B7,)2p8]aiarnodf (B) pair of materials used in the contact-separation mode triboelectric exppoelyrimeidnets(.Kapton) materials umseadteirniatlhseucsoendtainctt-hsepcaornataioctn-smepoadreatiroibnomeloecdteritcriebxopeelreicmtreicntesx.periments. (B) Positive Positive (PVDF-c) polyvinpyolliydpveoinlnyeyvflilinudyoelnriiedeflenu(ePofVrliudDoeFr)(iPdVeD(PFV)DF) Positive (A) (A)polyvinylidene Nflueograitdiveecommercial Negative Negative (A) PVDF Mica Mica 30 wt.% barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride polyamideM6p-io6clya(PamA6id6e)6-6(PA66) polyureptohlaypnuoerley(tPuhUraen)teha(PnUe)(PU) Mica 30 wt.% barium titanate/polyvinylidene (30BT/PVD(F3)0BT/PVDF) Mica polyamide 6-6 (PA66) (30BT/PVDF) polyproppoylylpeponrloeyp(PyrloPep)nyele(PnPe )(PP) styrene-ethsytylerneen/eb-uethyylelnene-es/tbyurteynlene-styrene styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) (SEBS) (SEBS) Kapton polyimpidoelyp(iKmolaiypditmeo(niKd)eap(Ktoanp)ton) (B) (B) (B) PU SEBS PA66 2.3. TriboelectricMMiceasuremMenictas SEBS SEBSES BS of 10 N was applied in the contact mode, followed by a separation of 5 cm between the samples in each cycle. PA66 PA66 PA66 The electrical response was obtained though load resistances of 0.5, 1, 3.3, 5, 8.3, 10, 33.3, 50 and 100 MΩ using a Picoscope 2205A (Picotech, Tyler, TX, USA) with resolution of 8 bit at 200 MS/s. ThetriboeTlehcetrtircibmoeoldeecturiscemdtooddeeutseerdmtionedtehteromuitnpeuthveooltuatgpeu,tcuvrorletangtea,ncdurcroernrtesapnodncdoirnrgesopuotnpduitngoutput power of tphoewdeirffoerfetnhtepdaifirfesroefnmt paateirsiaolsf m(Tatbelreia1l)sw(Taasbtlhee1c)ownatasctth-seecpoanrtatciot-nsempaordaeti(oFnigmuroed1e)(:Faigfourrce1): a force of 10 N woafs1a0pNpliwedasinapthpeliecodnitnactthemcoodnet,afcotlmlowodeed, bfoyllaowsepdarbaytiaonseopfa5ractmionbeotfw5ecemn tbhetwsaemenpltehseinsamples in each cyclee.ach cycle. The electrTichael reelespctornicsael wreassponbstaeinweads tohbotuaignhedlotahdoruegshistlaonadcerseosifs0ta.5n,c1e,s3o.3f,05.5, 8, 1.3,,31.30, 53,38.3.3, ,5100a,n3d3.3, 50 and 100 MΩ u1s0in0gMaΩPiucosisncgopaeP2i2co0s5cAop(Pei2co20te5cAh,(TPyicloetre, cThX, ,TUySleAr,)TwXi,thUrSeAso) lwutiitohnreosfo8lubtitoant o2f080 bMitSa/st.200 MS/s. FFiiggurree11.. Illlusttrattiionoff tthe geomettry off the samplles wiitth tthe actiive matteriiall,, screen--prriintteedssiillveerriink eelleeccttrroodeessaandttheeiirrcconneccttiion tto tthe Piiccosscope 2205A usiing lload resiistances of 0..5,, 1,, 3..3,, 5,, 8..3,, 10,, 333.3.3,,5500aand11000MΩΩ,,above.. Experimenttallmetthodusedforthetriboellecttriicevalluattiionofftthediiffffeerreentt ppaairirooffmaateterriaialslsininaaccoonntatacct-ts-seeppaarraatitoionnmooddee, ,bbeelolow. .TThheefoforcrceeaappplileieddinineeaachchstseteppisisaabboouut t1100NN. . Table 1 summarizes the materials used in this work considering the triboelectric series, including the composite with 30 wt.% BT/PVDF composite (30BT/PVDF). Figure 1. IlFluigsturraeti1o.nIloluf tshtreagtieoonmoefttrhyeogfetohme seatrmypolfetshweistahmthpeleascwtivitehmthaetearcitailv,escmreaetner-piarli,nstcerdeesnil-vperrinintekd silver ink electrodes ealnedcttrhoedierscaondnetchteioirnctontnheectPioicnostocotphe 2P2ic0o5sAcoupsein2g20lo5aAdurseisnisgtalonacdesroesfi0s.t5a,n1c,e3s.3o,f50,.58,.31,,130.3,, 5, 8.3, 10, 33.3,50and331.030,5M0Ωan,dab1o0v0eM.EΩxp,aebriomve.nEtaxlpmereitmhoendtualsemdeftohrotdhuestreidbofoerletchteritcriebvoaellueactiroicneovfatlhueadtiioffneorefnthtedifferent pair of matpeariarlosfinmatceorniatlascitn-seapcaornataioctn-smepoadrea,tbioenlomwo.dTeh,ebfeolrocwe.aTphpelifeodrcine aepacphliestdepiniseacbhouste1p0iNs a.bout 10 N. The triboelectric mode used to determine the output voltage, curreKntapatnodn corresponding output PU PUPU power of the different pairs of materials (Table 1) was the contact-separation mode (Figure 1): a force PVDF PVDF SEBS PVDF polyvinylidpeonlyevfilnuyolriidenceofmlumoreirdceiaclommercial PP polyvinylidene fluoride commercial (PVDF-c) (PVDF-c) (PVDF-c) 30 wt.% ba3ri0uwmt.t%itabnartieu/mpotliytvaninayteli/dpeonlyevfilnuyolriidene fluoride fluoride (30BT/PVDF) Kapton Kapton SEBS SEBS SEBS PP PPPP 2.3. Triboe2le.3ct.rTicriMboealseuctreimc MenetsasurementsPDF Image | Triboelectric Energy Harvesting vs Polymer-Based Materials
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