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Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials

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Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials ( triglycerides-as-novel-phase-change-materials )

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molecules Review Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials: A Review and Assessment of Their Thermal Properties Rebecca Ravotti 1,2,* , Jörg Worlitschek 1 , Colin R. Pulham 2 and Anastasia Stamatiou 1 1 2 * Correspondence: rebecca.ravotti@hslu.ch Academic Editors: Ana Ines Fernandez Renna and Camila Barreneche Received: 3 November 2020; Accepted: 23 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Competence Centre Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland; joerg.worlitschek@hslu.ch (J.W.); anastasia.stamatiou@hslu.ch (A.S.) EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; c.r.pulham@ed.ac.uk Abstract: Latent Heat Storage (LHS) with Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) represents a high energy density storage technology which could be applied in a variety of applications such as waste heat recovery and integration of renewable energy technologies in energy systems. To increase the sustainability of these storage solutions, PCMs have to be developed with particular regard to bio-origin and biodegradability. Triglycerides represent an interesting class of esters as the main constituents of animal and vegetable fats, with attractive thermal properties. In order to be used as PCMs, the thermal behaviour of triglycerides has to be fully understood, as in some cases they have been reported to show polymorphism and supercooling. This study assesses the suitability of triglycerides as PCMs by reviewing the literature published so far on their behaviour and properties. In particular, melting points, enthalpies of fusion, polymorphism, thermal conductivities, heat capacities and thermal cycling stabilities are considered, with a focus on LHS and thermal energy storage applications. In addition, the efforts conducted regarding modelling and the prediction of melting points and enthalpies based on chemical structures are summarized and assessed. Keywords: triglycerides; thermal energy storage; phase change materials; thermal properties; enthalpy; melting point; latent heat storage; PCM; LHS; TES 1. Introduction Latent Heat Storage (LHS) systems using Phase-Change Materials (PCM) as heat-storage media are known to be advantageous due to their high energy densities and ability to charge and discharge at constant temperatures. As such, the development of LHS systems can contribute to meeting the future energy requirements and reaching the carbon-footprint reduction goals set for the upcoming years [1–4]. To ensure the effective development of LHS, first the appropriate PCM for the application of interest must be selected. In order to be considered suitable for LHS applications, PCMs should possess the following properties: • high enthalpy of fusion; • high thermal conductivity; • narrow phase-change transition temperature; • high thermal stability; • low toxicity; • low flammability. 􏰁􏰂􏰃 􏰅􏰆􏰇 􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰂􏰍 Molecules 2020, 25, 5572; doi:10.3390/molecules25235572 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules

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