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Molecules 2020, 25, 5572 13 of 26 3.3. Saturated Asymmetrical Triglycerides (SAT) Table 3 summarizes the data collected for the peak melting temperatures of SAT. Since most of the data found in the literature concerns triglycerides derived from saturated fatty acids, due to lack of data it was decided not to focus on the asymmetrical unsaturated counterparts. Similar to what has been reported for the previous categories, few values for the enthalpies of fusion of the materials investigated were reported, whereas the data on melting points was readily available from different sources. Asymmetrical triglycerides were divided into sub categories based on the number of carbon atoms in the precursors fatty acids (n) and their positions in the final molecule. For example, n.n+2.n indicates triglycerides of which the middle chain is longer than the side chains by 2 carbons. By contrast, n.n-2.n refers to those triglycerides formed from two aliphatic chains of the same carbon number on the extremes, and one aliphatic chain shorter by two carbon numbers in the middle. Lastly, n1.n2.n3 refers to triglycerides where aliphatic chains all differ in carbon number. The names of each SAT are abbreviated in the same manner as SSTs. Generally, the SATs reported here show melting temperatures ranging from 0 ◦C for 1,2-dicaprin-3-laurin (CCL) in the α phase to a highest of 73.6 ◦C for 1-stearin-2,3-dibehenin (SBB) in the β phase. Some trends could be observed throughout the series. N.n-2.n and n.n+2.n triglycerides derived from the same fatty acids are characterized by similar melting points, such as for example 1,3-dipalmitin-2-myristin (PMP) and 1,3-dimyristin-2-palmitin (MPM) which both melt around 60.0 ◦C in the β phase. Their melting points are in between those of their SST counterparts, trimyristin and tripalmitin at 58.5 and 66.5 ◦C respectively. Upon comparison between n.n+2.n and n.n.n+2 triglycerides, the latter were found to possess lower melting points for the same polymorphic phase, such as for example 1,3-dipalmitin-2-stearin (PSP) and 1,2-dipalmitin-3-stearin (PPS) which melt at 68.0 and 62.5 ◦C (β phases) respectively. This is to be expected due to the lower degree of symmetry of the n.n.n+2 triglycerides. This behaviour is found to persist upon comparison with the n.n+4.n+4 subgroup too, where 1-laurin-2,3-dipalmitin (LPP) for instance has the same total carbon number of 44 as MPM, but still presents a lower melting point around 54 ◦C compared to MPM’s at 60.0 ◦C (β phases). Triglycerides belonging to the n1.n2.n3 subgroup appear to be characterized by comparable melting points as the n.n.n+2 compounds, but lower than for n.n+2.n for equal carbon number. For example PMP (n.n+2.n), MMP (n.n.n+2) and SCP (n1.n2.n3) are all characterized by carbon numbers equal to 44, but show melting points of 60.0, 53.5 and 54.3 ◦C, respectively. Concerning the enthalpies of fusion, generally those of SAT seem lower than those of the corresponding SST. For example, although PPS presents the highest enthalpy of the whole SAT series with 198.9 J/g in its β phase, it is still lower than the enthalpies of fusion of tripalmitin or tristearin with values of about 220 J/g in the same crystalline phase. No information on the enthalpies of fusion of n.n+4.n+4 compounds and of LCL was found.PDF Image | Triglycerides as Novel Phase-Change Materials
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