PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 171
related flow as clearly as possible, each one will be dealt with individually, although by and large in any river or stream all of them are interactive in diverse combinations. As already stated in the previous chapter, every particle of water is directly connected to a particular velocity relative to its specific weight and temperature, a phenomenon described in great detail by Viktor Schau- berger in his 1930-31 treatise "Temperature and the Movement of Water"3. To give some idea of what is here involved, a series of superimposed water-strata with their respective temperatures are shown schematically in fig. 13.7, the coldest layer flowing over the stream bed. Here the veloc- ity curve shows the different distances trav- elled by the respective water-strata in the same period of time, as denoted by the length of the arrows. Relative to the upper layer, the lowest can be seen to flow far more rapidly due to its greater density and coolness. At the interface between these various lay- ers, even though the temperature differences may be minimal, there is nevertheless a dif- ference in their relative, temperature-related velocities, the lower layer sliding forwards slightly faster than its immediate upper neighbour. This slip creates a sort of vacuity at the 'end', as it were, of the higher-lying layer, into which the lower layer rises. In the process vortices are formed at right-angles to the current, which rotate on a horizontal plane from the bottom upwards as shown in 13: The Dynamics of Flow 165 fig. 13.8. These mix the water, but at the same time cool it, because the water temperatures within the centre of these vortices are identi- fiably cooler than those without, the upper- most vortex train manifesting itself as the familiar backward-breaking ripples seen on rivers at the surface. This type of vortex also distributes the lighter weight sediment and the nutrient material carried by the river from the centre towards the sides (fig. 13.9). The movement of water can also be further categorised into laminar and turbulent flows, the simplest form of laminar flow being the one shown in fig. 13.7. Turbulence, however, can take the form of longitudinal or transverse vortices. As far as the latter are concerned there are two principal types; the first operates horizontally at right-angles to the direction of flow as shown in figs. 13.8 & 13.9; the second, potentially the more harm- ful, also acts at right-angles to the current, but on a vertical plane and, if too powerful, will gouge deep pot-holes or trenches in the river bed, seriously dislocating the natural flow (fig. 13.10). Longitudinal vortices, as the name sug- gests, are aligned parallel to the flow-axis of the channel. While these may constitute tur- bulence according to the meaning of the word, longitudinal vortices have an extremely beneficial function, as will be shown later, and represent the structuring of those energies required to dislodge and transport sediment, and without which all Fig. 13.11 The Longitudinal Vortex A longitudinal vortex showing laminar flow about the central axis. The coldest water-filaments are always closest to the central axis of flow. Thermal stratification occurs even with minimal differences in water temperature. The central core water is subjected to the least turbulence and acclerates ahead, drawing the rest of the water-body in its wake.PDF Image | Viktor Schauberger Work Explained
PDF Search Title:
Viktor Schauberger Work ExplainedOriginal File Name Searched:
Viktor_Schauberger_Living_Energies.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)